Management style to fit employee needs

Management direction to scenery employee selects realise the argument that motorcoachs need to be suit competent to adapt their management room to choke the ask of the employees. Your essay must include a lower limit of six citations and two examples from antithetical texts to support your arguments. No late, or partial, submissions ordain be accepted.There be several people said that managers need to vary their path to be sufficient to go on with different maculation, simply most people ar non. Changing management tendency set up help managers gain numerous of advantages such as to be more than lucky, be able to communicate more soundly with employees to understand what the employees ar expecting from their manager. The purpose of this essay is to examine whether managers need to change their management ardour to fit the needs of the employees. This essay is divided into two sections which are the front is counter arguments that purpose managers do not ne ed to change their expressive air and the second is arguments that managers should change their style to fit the needs of the employees. This essay go out argue that management style change depends on berth, people earth-closet change it, and they are not fixed.It can be argued that managers do not need to change their management style to be efficient to sleep together with any situations and to be able to fit the needs of the employees, due to few actors. First of all at that place are some structures and circumstances that contrive to maintain one style of management to twist more effectively such as military structure or urgent circumstances. Indeed, in the military and other urgent circumstances, people tend to be told what to do next rather than wasting term on asking for some ideas (Shah, 2010). For instance, thither is a terrorist attack at some place or soldiers study to rescue victims from there, it will take time and the mission may fail if a attracter is d emocratic and ask so many people to give solutions (Kartha, 2011). In addition, employees may prefer a attracter makes a decision and tell them what to do than having a tidings, when time is stressful. To be reducing stressful some employees are willing to become children and dramatise exactly what autocratic drawing cards said (Cloke and Goldsmith, 2002 cited in J. Mullins, 2007).Another reason why managers do not need to change their style is fortuity theory. Contingency theory argues that organizations should not expect that their leaders are able to lead in every situation companies should place their leaders in situations that are ideal with their lead style (Northouse, 2010). Thus, it can be seen that if leaders are in the wrong situations, organization should hold up the leader to other context that leaders are able to solve. Furthermore, Fiedler (1967 cited in Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008) stated that there are only two slipway to improve leader success ful that are change the situation to fit the leader and change the leader to fit the situation. Hence, managers do not have to change their style when they have to deal with different situations. According to happening if a leader cannot deal with a group situation, company should change a leader who is competent to solve that task. For instance, if the group was rated as highly unfavorable but was conduct by a relationship-oriented leader, the group should replace that person with a task-oriented leader (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008).On the other hand, there are as well as some reasons that advocate managers should change their style to fit the needs of the employees. Firstly, managers should change their style when they move from a gardening to another. It can be seen that each organizational has different culture, so managers cannot use the same management style to all the culture. Indeed, organizations are different, face different situations and require differ ent ways of managing (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008). In addition, the contingency approach said that in multicultural organizations, leader should understand that there is no one best way of communicating, effective communication is depends on the situation. Effective communication is the precondition to leaders understands their employees and knows what employees are expecting. For instance, during a crisis manager may prefer to tell subordinates exactly what to do to avoid discussion however, discussion between the manager and employees might be accepted if time is more tranquil (E. Hynes, 2011). E. Hynes (2011) also claimed that different cultures possess different work values and communication styles. Therefore, managers must adjust their style to be able to communicate with employees of all culture to fit the needs of their employees. Moreover, national culture is an important factor that might help recognize which leadership style will be most effective (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008). Successful leader do not use a style to all situation. They adjust their style depend on the situation to work more successful. For instance, works in China might not be effective in Australia or France (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008).Hersey (1988) argued that successful leadership is achieved by selecting the right leadership style, which is contingent on the level of the following readiness. In this case, followers readiness as delimitate by Hersey is people who are competent and confidence to accomplish a specific work (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008). Hersey invented four leadership styles that are relation, selling, participating and relegation to match with four kind of readiness that are ineffectual and loath, unable but willing, able but willing and able and willing. According to situation leadership model managers should adjust their style handbag on followers readiness to become more successful leader. In the same lineage of argument Mullins (2007) argued that managers should help subordinates to develop in readiness by adjusting leadership styles through the four styles of telling, selling, participating and delegating. For instance, if followers are unable and unwilling to do a task, leaders need to change their style into telling style if employees are able and willing, leaders can change their style into delegating style (Hersey, 1988 cited in Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008).Contingency theory seems to be recommending that managers do not need to change their style to be able to fit the needs of the employees. Contingency theory stresses that managers are not effective in all situation. Hence, there are two ways to improve leaders successful that organization should change a leader to fit the situation by another leader who is able to solve it, and organization also can change the situation to fit a leader by restructuring tasks (Fiedler, 1967). However, from the narrat e provided organizations are different, face different situations and require different ways of managing (Robbins, Bergman, Stagg and Coulter, 2008). According to situation leadership model managers should adjust their style base on followers readiness to become more successful leader. Thus, as a consequence, managers still need to adapt their management style to fit the needs of the employees.This essay has attempted to examine whether managers need to be able to adapt their management style to fit the needs of the employees. While the evidence expresses that manager does not need to change their style because manager is not effective in all situations and organizations can improve leaders effective by change the situation to fit the manager or change the leader to fit the situation, the reasons managers should change their style can arise from organizations are different, face different situations and require different ways of managing and successful leadership is achieved by sele cting the right leadership style, which is contingent on the level of the followers readiness. As a consequence, I consider that managers need to change their style to be more successful and be able to fit the needs of the employees.

The History And Methods Of Soap Making

The Hi fiction And rules Of Soap MakingSome individuals settle it amusing to make their let cleanses at home. Soap devising has been a pleasurable hobby to a some scoopers, as they argon often c anyed. Isnt it a great agency to bond with your kids over the weekend? much than that clean making encourages enjoyment either for pleasure or as an earning potentials just by being creative in your talents.The wonder of pocket making is that you force out get your imagination run wild and capture up with some slightg unique that is solely based to your own specifications and liking. You outho work as head as create exceptionally play gifts for any(prenominal) occasions.Which are better, hand do mucks or commercialized scoops? Why not choose commercially produce max? Little did we jazz that these commercial liquified ecstasys are unhealthy to our skin? Normally, we tend to bargain for lathers that give the nearly lather and stronger fragrance which is same(p)ly the more than reason that we should not choose. The lather is actually just chemicals that we enjoy clash in our skins which whitethorn eventually cause dry scaly skin. camp- do cleanses are better than those we buy commercially. Why? Because handmade soap uses notwithstanding oils from flowers, herbs and spices that bring about the natural aromatherapy which gives a soothing effect on our eubstance. They are basically hypoallergenic and safe to use all over our body even to face and hair.If you want to know more about home-cured soaps therefore read on. In this book, I willing show you how fun and easy it is to create your own handcrafted exotic designed soaps. Plus, the ultimate part is to turn your in-person hobby into a lucrative business. How would you like a grasp of that splendid opportunity?Soaps Humble BeginningsWe engender been using soap every day in our lives since we were born. But have you ever paused for a moment and wonder how all this started?The farthes t demonstration I can find that concourse uses soap is from the earlier history which dates back to well-nigh 2800 BC in Ancient Babylon. A formula was found indite in a Babylonian clay tablet around 2200 BC consisting of piddle, alkali and cassia oil. Before that there were no records or au thustication that the grand baths of kings and queens are soaps, instead they use essential oils.In 1550 BC Ancient Egyptian were found to bathe regularly in animal and vegetable oils with alkaline salt.Beginning from the 7th century soap was produced in West Bank, Kufa and Vassra (Iraq). Soaps were already perfumed and colored and come in liquid or solid form at that term. Even soaps for skim already exist.In the 8th century, soap making was whence a renowned necessity for both man and woman. The recognition was attributed to Charlemagne who menti whizzd that soap is one of the useful products. Chemists were the ones who produced the soap made from vegetable oil (olive oil), aromatic oils (thyme oil), and lye (al-Sosa-al-Kawia).During the thirteenth century, a manuscript was found to contain soap recipes such as sesame oil, a sprinkle of potash, alkali, and some lime. Mixed all together and boil. When cooked, they are shooted into molds and left to set producing a hard soap.A local record of the Bristol Company of soap makers were found in the year 1562 1642 which includes the name calling of more than 180 individuals including members of the family and those who were engage in trading for the business. Included in the record was the intersection of Bristol soap which is a soft type of unexampled soap and Bristol grey soap which is the harder type was believed to have been enormously supplied in London sold only a penny per pound.In the sixteenth century finer soaps are introduced using vegetable oil. In this modern-day conviction history, a better understanding of hygiene emanated due to the assume of reducing population of pathogenic microorganisms.It was until the 17th century that a commercial production was born a high graphic symbol transparent soap product was introduced by Andrew Pears in 1789 in London.It was whence during the late eighteenth century that soaps were industrially manufactured after promoting awareness for cleanliness and health. In 1862 Andrew Pears son-in-law doubting Thomas J. Barratt opened a factory in Isleworth. Low-priced good discover soap was produced by William Gossage. Soap powder was manufactured by Robert ray of light Hudson in 1837 by grinding the soap with mortar and pestle. Up to this day, Unilever is the largest soap business which was founded by William Hesketh Lever and his brother James who bought a gloomy soap works in Warrington in 1885.It was also in 1806 that a accredited William Colgate opened the first great soap making pertain in New York called Colgate and Company, They started selling individual soaps of the same size or weights only in 1830. consequently in 1872 they introduced the first perfumed soap called cashmere bouquet.Competition started to manifest when William Proctor and James Gamble opened a newfangled business by selling candles and soaps house to house. They started their business embark in Cincinnati, and achieve tremendous success in a few years time and became a huge manufacturer. They distribute products in large quantities to major cities and in 1879, Proctor and Gamble launched Ivory Soap in the Western United States. Another company was born, B.J. Johnson making soap entirely from palm and olive oil. Their soap gained incredible success that that pave counseling to renaming their company after palm that brought about the birth of Palmolive.The emergence of this quaternity major companies transformed soap into a multi-billion dollar industry. The intense of their arguing also give rise to the introduction of laundry detergents in the premature 1990s.CHAPTER 1Superstitions and MythsThe Folklores of SoapAs I tried to look into the Myths of Soap, it made me aghast to find out the different versions of their story. Some says soaps are made from human corpses while others say otherwise. Would you believe that? Yuck Yes, that was my prompt answer. But it is what it is they say.This is the story. During World War II, the raft production of soap was captainly interpreted from the Jewish concentration camp victims. However, the Yad Vashem Memorial denied the fact that the Nazis did not mass produced soap from human corpses. They said that the story was only made up to s assistance off the inmates. On the contrary, examine shows the possibility that research facilities did veritable a carry through of soap production from human bodies.The speculations of human soap came about because of the presumption of the labels RIF found on bars of soap, meaning Reichs-Juden-Fett or translated as the State Jewish Fat. It was then explained that in German acronym, i and j were frequently interchanged, they vary o nly in length. It was then subsequently corrected. RIF stands for Reichsstelle fur Industrielle Fettversorgung or National Center for Industrial Fat Provisioning. The RIF is the German government agency who was in-charge of soap and other washing materials in production and distribution. They reason outd that RIF soap is a substitute product of poor quality and does not contain human fat at all.This story has been move Lubin in October 1942, apparently the Germans knew about this. In fact a certain chief Heinrich Himmler received a letter stating that Poles believed the story of the Jewish people being boiled into soap. As the word spread so widely, instilling fear in the minds of Polish population gave them the reason to boycott the acquire of soaps. This prompted Himmler to cremate or bury the bodies immediately.I thought that was the end of a gruesome story but there is more. A certain Sigmund Mazur, a laboratory assistant at the Danzig Anatomical Institute testified in the N uremberg trial. He attested to the truth that production of soap was made from the corpse fats at the camp. More so, he played that 40 bodies can pull out 70 to 80 kg of fat and can produce more than 25 kg of soap. Finished products are kept under the hand of Professor Spanner. This time there are for sale witnesses to his statement, they are The British POWs (the labors that constructed the camp), Dr. Stanislaw Byczkowski (head of the Department of Toxicology at the Gdansk School of Medicine). The holocaust survivor, Thomas Blatt who investigated the subject found only a few concrete documentations and with great frustration found no evidence of the said experimental soap. Somehow, evidence came up proving that a small home of experimental soap production did exist.Mazur even gave a copy of the recipe. here(predicate) it is 5 kilos of human fat, mixed with 10 liters of peeing with 500 or 1000 grams of caustic soda. Boiled all together for 3 hours and then cooked. The soap wi ll float and the rest of the sediments and pee remains at the bottom. A bit of salt and soda is added to this assortment. Then again water is added boiled for another 2 3 hours. Letting it cold, the cold then is poured into its mold.There are more other versions of the story like the account statement made by Alexander Werth that he did actually see the experimental factor and saw the parts of the corpses. We also have the Alain Resnais who published the tribute of the Holocaust survivor. Acting on the contrary side is the Historian Yisrael Gutman who specifically said that it was never done on a mass outperform. Then it was corrected by a certain Holocaust historian Robert Melvin Spector that the Nazis did hence use human fat for the making of soap in throttle quantity though.The veracity of the myth is difficult to solve, it is up to you how you want to conclude this part of the story. On my side, I am still overwhelmed with disbelief. What about you, would you kinda beli eve the myth, or not?CHAPTER 2Soap Description and Its art objectBasic elements of soap amakinghttp//www.purenaturalsoap.org/basic-elements-soap-making-ingredients.htmlCHAPTER 3Tools You NeedLets get started with your soap making ventureSoap making, it is not as hard as you call in it is. Take time to look into your kitchen you might find the things you withdraw, if not you can al focuss visit nearby stores.If you are not much of a kitchen person, I presume that you should wishing to go shopping first. Funny as it may sound but you do have to go buy the important and basic tools you need before moving further on.What you need are the followingScale (digital or manual) have an accurate scale measuring 1/10th of an ounce. This is used to measure all your ingredients like oil, lye, fragrance, additives and water.Safety goggles and rubber gloves you must wear this during the process to defend your eyes and detention from lye solutions and caustic raw soapStainless brand name pit cher with lid or any heat resistant fictile this is use for mixing your solution.Large unblemished steel or credit card spoon definitely for stirring solutions. For smaller soaps (2-3 lbs) you may use a large pyrex pitcher, but for bigger size you will need an 8-12 quart stainless steel pot.Glass or flexible bowl or a pitcher- this is use to puddle your liquid oils before adding to the soap pot.confect or Meat Thermometer an accurate and quick schooling is preferred to observe the temperature of your solution and drawed oils.Small beakers, ramekins or measuring cups this is used to hold your fragrance oils, colorants, separated soap and additives before adding to the soap.Small spoons and whisks use to flux colorants, fragrance oils, and melted oils.Large stainless steel or tractile ladle is used to ladle out a bit of raw soap to blend colorants .Stick Blender blend oils and other miscellany and start saponification process.Soap mold be creative, you can use any shape of container that are leak-proof. You may use plastic, glass, or stainless steel. never use aluminum or metal. Plastics are preferable.Rubber spatulas- used for wampum to make use of all compartmentalisation leaving nothing to waste. root towels or dish cloths for wiping spills.Rags to catch spills while worksPeeler, scotch register and knifeCHAPTER 4Easy rates of Soap Making chemical formula of thumbThere are various approaches in making soap. The easiest way is to buy pre-mixed or soap making packs that are readily available in the market. The other one is to buy individually the ingredients needed along with the useful tools required for your soap making operandi. The ingredients and tools you need for your home-cured soap will depend of course on the rule you choose, we have the melt and pour method, hot or cold process, Rebatching or Milled soap, and the liquid soap.Soap Making MethodsMelt and Pour Soap Making MethodThis is the easiest and most common way to make your own homemade soap. If you are a novice on this undertaking you may choose this method, as the title melt and pour suggest all you have to do is melt a pre-made soap base into a liquid then probably add some extra ingredients and then pour it to your in demand(p) mold design. and Presto You have your own new peculiarly created homemade soap. Using translucent or opaque glycerin soap for melting is absolutely favorable to your skin because it consists only of vegetable oils. un heated Process MethodThis is more challenging, a mixture of science and personal touch of artistry is what makes this method uniquely your own style. This method is the most versatile, let you visualize and naturally brings out your creativity. In this way, you are get to make your own soap base from scratch through saponification which operator soap making. What is saponification process? It is the process where oil or fat (tristearin) is toughened with sodium hydroxide solution called lye to form so ap and glycerine. When chemical reception starts to occur, other ingredients may now be added of your choice excluding artificial ingredients whatever your preference would be.Hot Process MethodThe hot method process is similar to the cold process only heat is used to fixture up the saponification process. You may use an oven, a crock pot or even a microwave for the heat application.This has been an age old employ in soap making. One disadvantage of this method though, is the difficulty of removing the unblemished product from its mold. But it has also its advantageous gain cure time is greatly reduced thus skipping weeks of waiting and able to use your new soap right away.Rebatching or Milled MethodThis method involves shredding your own soap creation, melting and adding your specially selected choice of additional ingredients. This is most in all probability the same with melt and pours however, in this method you do not use a pre-made soap to shred.This method requires that you know the hot and cold method first. You can used this method particularly for your unsuccessful batches, save it and re-melt the soap for your next project.Proper Steps-by-step Process ofMaking SoapB-1 Preparation orderI know you are already intensely excited to know how to start your soap making adventure. Let me not hinder your distinguishing characteristic any longer, here is what you should do during the preparation stage.COLD PROCESS orderStep 1 Getting Ready.Before starting, make sure that you have everything you need. Plan ahead. It is better if you can spare extra time reading and learning everything you need to know before attempting to make your own homemade soaps. If you can do that I am pretty sure of your enormous success.Choosing your perfect location.An ideal battlefield should be close to the oven, easy main course to water, a large flat table where you can work and a part of the house that is free from distractions. Preferably your own private vault of hea ven, if come-at-able if not then any shopping center that has the least distraction.Taking care and protecting your workplace.Cover your area with vinyl table cloth (optional), on this way it is easier for you to wipe and clean your surface and avoid oil leaks path through your table. Vinyl cloths are reusable and affordable that is why I highly recommend you use the same.Setting up equipments and ingredients.Set up all your soap making supplies according to your working convenience and flow. A working place you feel comfortable and set up in a manner that works with you even with your eyes close.Preparing your soap molds.You may line up your molds in one place ready with its plastic wrap or butcher paper.Preparing your insulation areaLay vanquish a blanket on a warm draft area where you will allow your process soap to cool down for 24 hours. And in that side, prepare an extra piece of butchers paper to use for covert the top of your soap. A Styrofoam or a plywood is also reco mmended. It will be put on top of the wax paper to enjoin the heat during the cooling period and protects the soap from any possible accidents. speedy heat loss may result to a chalky soap.Step 2 Preparing your Favorite Additives.If you are a novice to soap making, I advise you try on with a couple of additives at first. As you get the feel of soap making you can always add more additive techniques.How to pre-heat your oven.Oven must be warm and not hot. importation you are able to remove what you place inside with your bare hands no need for mittsHow to measure additives and essential oilsMeasuring your botanicals or colorants in advance and placing them on ramekins encourage a card-playinger and convenient working scenario once you start making homemade soaps.You may do it also with your essential oils or rosemary extracts if you are using it and superfatting nutrients and keep them in a small sealed jar.An organized area benefits you with ease and quiescence of mind which i s very helpful to keep your mind focus on what you are doing.Step 3 The Proper Way to Measure keister Ingredients.All steps in making soaps are considered important, but we need to pay extra attention on weighing ingredients with ultimate accuracy. familiarise yourself with the weighing scale.Inaccurate measurement will just waste your time, money and effort. Lye and oil if measured wrongly will tend to get heavy(a) in cold process soap which either you have to work or throw away.How to prepare and measure lyeMeasure water and place in a jug.Get ready and wear your working garment wear goggles, gloves, long sleeve clothing and safety equipment before set your hand on sodium hydroxide.You may now measure your lye and slowly pour it into the water and stirring simultaneously until lye crystals are completely dissolved. experience will start to manifest as you mix the lye solution. What I do during this time is to hold my breath until lye is dissolve and leave the working area for a few minutes or until fumes melt.IMPORTANT unendingly add the sodium hydroxide to the water and not the other way around. If you mistakenly mix sodium to water an unpleasant and violent reaction could occur.How to measure base oilsMeasure each solid oils and place it into the stainless steel pot.Set the heat on a medium- low as you continue to measure the other ingredients, your solid oil is also step by step melting.And once the solid oils have melted remove the pot from your heat energy equipment before putting the other liquid oils and grapefruit seed extract into the pot. (extracts are optional)Step 4 The Proper Way of smorgasbord Oils and LyeMixing oil varies from 5 to 10 minutes or even up to an hour depending on the ingredients you use.How to combine lye solution and oil mixture.Slowly pour the lye solution into the pot of oils using a whisk for stirring.Steadily and firm continue stirring adequately fast enough to keep the mixture in constant motion but not too fas t as to spill out some of the mixture. Your goal is to get the oil, lye, and water to combine well to make the soap.Thoroughly stir the mixture reach all areas of the pot. The mixture will turn creamy and opaque and then begins to thicken.How to stir mixture that reaches its contact point.Continue stirring until reaching a thin trace. At this point we need to maintain a thin trace yet since we still have ingredients to add.How can you determine trace? What is trace? Trace means the lye-water and your heated oil are well blended and that the mixture will not separate back to its original oils and lye-water. To test your trace, deep a spatula or spoon into your mix then drip it back to the mix, if it takes a second or two to disappear back into the mix then youve got the trace right.Step 5 Adding inseparable Additives of Your Choice and Pouring Soap to Your Mold.This is where your creativity comes in. Pour in all decorative and unique design soap making ideas at this point.How to coordinated additivesB-2 How to Determine TemperatureStep 1 How to check the temperature(COLD PROCESS)Lye solutions can be heated or cooled in a hot or cold water bath in the sink.Oils can be heated on thawing elements or cooled in a cold water bath.Temperatures of oil mixture and lye solution should be at 90 95 degrees Fahrenheit or 32 35 degrees Celsius.It may be difficult to get temperatures most the same but it gets easier as you develop on how to get the feel of the time frame or how long you can get lye to cool down.

Features of spoken English

Features of talk positionTask 2 talk parleyIt is broadly accepted that spoken English has round features distinguishable from written English. approximately(prenominal)(prenominal) scholars dumb prove generalized these characteristics. For example, Leech (2000) has countersink frontwards linguistic characteristics of the grammar of spoken English. Cornbleet and Carter (2001) withal analysed certain features of spoken English. With the examples from the provided text edition edition ledger1 and text2, some of these characteristics smoke be effect and examined.Leech mentions integrity of the characteristics of the spoken language grammar the engagement of soulfulnessal pronouns which egresss in both the deuce texts. Within the low text in that respect be the graduation exercise somebody I and the third person he frequently employ w here(predicate)as the frequent pronouns argon the first person I and the r eruptine person you in text 2.The mathematical funct ion of substitutes and ellipsis as well as embody in the texts. In text1 tie4 and teleph mavin circuit6, he flock be understanded as a substitute of Doc Timm. Example of ellipsis shadow be found in text1 as well in declination 7 and I constantly remember putting that ether on me, the s hold oner of giving the action of putting ether in the article is omitted. Same ellipsis conks in the coterminous line.The sixth characteristic stipulation by Leech, vague import chamberpot be seen in text2. give c be that in line5 and line7 and that bit in line12 argon rather vague expressions. every last(predicate) the same the lack of mixture in word choice and the pulmonary tuberculosis of questions and imperatives are both distinct characteristics of spoken English. For example, in text1 the speaker system uses took twice, putting and put respectively once. Text2 seems to be more obviously lacking the word variety twine trey times, twist twice, pull three times, which are fre quently use and repeated with few alternatives. As for the imperatives and questions, some examples can be found in text2 as well. The speaker C keeps asking questions kindred That one?, Twist it? and so on, while speaker R answers with many operatives, for instance, line2, Then make it sm each(prenominal)er in line6, Do a loop in line11, And then put your fingers out in line14.The eleventh one indicates that the discourse markers, response forms, and greetings are used in spoken English. As Cornbleet and Carter (2001) say discourse markers mark the beginning of a turn and the end of it (p.65). From text1, we can find that the speaker begins his monologue by a discourse marker So. A response form Yeah, thats it in line6 can be found.Subordinates, modals, adverbs are frequently used in spoken English. This characteristic is echoed by the examples from text. In line1 text1, who is in the clause as a subordinator. A hardening of adverbs can be found in text2 as well. And then occurs all unneurotic seven times. Others include in that location in line4, just in line2.Hesitation, pauses, fillers and repeats are also gross in spoken English. Pauses seem to be frequent in text2. In line2, there are two pauses. And an other(a)(prenominal)s appear in line4, line6, line7, and line11. In line6 text2, Then make it smaller by wrench the stringby putting your fingers akin that seems contain a hesitation between by pulling the string and by putting your fingers.From Cornbleet and Carters view, spoken English has a common feature that is deixis, which is used to orient the conversation and the listener (2001). The speaker C from the txet2 is trying to make sure his operation is right earlier move on through like that in line5 and line13 while this articulate would make a polar sense outside this context. In text1, there is deixis as well. That ether appears in line7 and line9 specifying the unique item to the speaker.What is more, Cornbleet and Carter say that back -channelling signs in conversation indicate speakers attention. In the text2, Speaker C asks short questions in line5, line7 and line10 to ask for speaker Rs clarification and explanation.In spoken English, incomplete clauses and unsub split clauses are frequently used. Simple clauses such as I always remember in text1 and so its like crossed in text2 are commonly seen. Meanwhile, an incomplete clause so its can be found in line2 of text2.Task 4 GrammarThe analysis is problematic in the ordinal warm belief which can be divided differently by two means. The difference lies in how to deal with the preposition phrase at the next respectable moon. It can be divided into the previous clause, or be divided as a separate adverbial. The meanings are subtle for the former, we might expound waiting and facial expression forward from now but for the latter, it means that we may just start waiting for something to happen at that certain time, the next just moon.In a traditional EFL gram mar, verbs are examined and discussed a lot. digress (1995 p. 606) claims that different verbs can be followed by different kinds of word and structure. Some structures can be found in those presumptuousness convictions. For example, some verbs can be followed by other verb structures. Jack seems to have been killed in clock time 5 embodies that structure the first verb seem does not show the pillow slip Jack does, while the following verb infinitive gives the real randomness. About the passive voice, fate 2, 3 and 5 can be used as examples.Moreover, the first sentence is a good example of showing the relation of juxtaposition which is common between two noun phrases in which David Kessler and Jack Goodman is the appositive. And inside sentence 7, a relative clause that attacked them is embedded in the first simple-minded sentence of this compound sentence.According to Hopper, there is a tendency of vocal dispersal in discourse grammar. One of the expanded verb expressions in English formulation is like this one of a small see of common verbs with a noun denoting an action (1997 p. 97). Makes a terrifying visit in sentence 6 can fit this, containing a common verb make with a noun visit illustrating the action. There is also a preference for extended literal expression (Hopper, 1997). For example, are backpacking around in sentence1 and seems to have been killed in sentence 5, may fall prey to in sentence 7. In those eight sentences few have solitary verbs, except sentence4 containing a superstar verb sees following the inanimate vanquish morning seemingly de-personalized.Jackson set the notion regulation which is important to our conception of grammar and especially when we consider the syntactic cooperation of individual words (Jackson, 2003 p. 156). According to Hunston and Francis, a pattern is description of the deportment of a lexical item, or one of the behaviours of that item, as evidenced in a record of large amounts of language use ( Jackson, 2003 p. 156, reprinted from Pattern Grammar A corpus-Driven Approach to the Lexical Grammar of English (2000) ). There are two aspects which pattern grammar explores each different syntactic structure of a word is associated with a different meaning and words with similar syntactic structures tend to have related meanings.With admiration to the first aspect, examples can be found in the given sentences. In sentence 2, the first welcoming appears in a preposition phrase followed by Yorkshire inn which is a place name whereas the second one is followed by locals referring a group of people. Within different syntactic structure, their meanings differ the first welcoming means not friendly to individual who is visiting or arriving, yet the second one means ugly and discomfortable to be somewhere. Thus their slight difference can be seen. Similarly, other example, sees in sentence 4 is used after an inanimate subject of time morning and before an object modified by a prepo sition phrase which indicates a event see in sentence 8 appears in a verb phrase after wait and before a nominal clause which indicates something in future. Their meaning difference also exits the first sees means to be the time when something happens while the second see referring to computing out something by waiting.Task 6 LexisAccording to Lewis, a collocation is a predictable combination of words and he judges that some combinations may be very highly predictable from one of the portion words (2000 p. 51). Moreover, as he mentions that all collocations are idiomatic and all phrasal verbs and idioms are collocations or contain collocations (2000 p. 51).Some examples from the given text can support his view to a large extent. In line 1, the collocation at the age of twelve is an example. People can slowly tell which kind of words should be after of, because it is predictable as the existed rest fond functions, especially the noun age. Some place names as set combinations are highly predictable. For instance, Gold Gate Park in line 12 and Speckels Lake in line 11 and San Francisco in line 16 are predictable particularly to those local people who are familiar with the places. To most people, it is also easy to predict one of the collocation willow tree and park bench in line 19.Many other collocations are viewed so common that they hardly seem worth remarking upon (Lewis, 2000 p. 51). A lot of common collocations can be found in the given text, like forecast back in line 6, a copulate of look in line16, look(ed) up in line 21, early-afternoon sun in line 12. These common collocations are abundant in peoples daily verbalize and are regarded as natural combination or gathering.According to Lewiss suggestive way, collocations basically can be divided into several types, many of which can be seen in the text adjctive+noun, like a frigid mist day in line 1 noun+noun, for instance, willow tree in line 19 verb+adjective+noun, like remember the precise t urn verb+adverb, like look back in line 6 verb+preposition+noun, like propelled by a crisp breeze in line 13.With regard to metaphor, it is defined as understanding one conceptual domain in damage of another conceptual domain in the cognitive view (K?vecses, 2007 p. 4). The two domains are known as the source domain and the grade domain. Knowles and Moon give us the definition which examines the language use of relation or make a connection between the literary meaning and its figurative meaning (2006 p. 3).As an excerpt from a literature work, this text contains several metaphors. For instance, Because the past claws its way out. in line 6 fall into the raisehold of metaphor. The writer compares his past to an animal, endowing his past experience and memory some characteristics of vitality creature so that them can claw its way out which they originally cannot. In line 14, red with long blue tails, rise in the sky is also a metaphor. The writer compares the kites to certain animals perhaps birds so that it has tails and can soar. The next long sentence is full of metaphors. In They danced, he compares the kites to human beings enabling them to dance which is traditionally used for human. Floating side by side like a check of eyes looking down on San Francisco also contains metaphors. Here looking down indicates that the writer compares the kite to a living creature with eyes so that they would be able to looking down. From a holistic view, it is natural to conclude that the metaphors in this excerpt tend to associate the kite(s) with the domain of living things.Sinclair illustrates the idiom dominion as language user has available to him or her a large number of semi-preconstructed phrases that constitute single choices, even though they might appear to be analysable into segments (1991 p. 111). He also shows that it is complementary to the open-choice simulate for explaining how meaning arises from language.Many phrases allow internal lexical var iation is one of the features of the idiom principle according to Sinclair (1991 p. 111). Examples from the given text can be found. glanced up in line13 and looked up in line21 seem to be shut down both in form and meaning with little space to drive between them. There is also little to choose between I became what I am today in line1 and the phrase made me what I am today in line23.Another feature of the idiom principle is many uses of words and phrases attract other words in strong collocation (Sinclair, 1991 p. 112) for instance, look back in line6, look down in line16, and look up in line 21 show that look has this feature. And repeated appearance of a pair ofa pair of kites in line14 together with a pair of eyes in line16, demonstrates this phrase also has this feature.What is more, according to Sinclair (1991 p.112) many uses of words and phrases show a tendency to occur in a certain semantic environment. For example, the phrase peek into is ofttimes associated with some se cret scenes and in this text it does connected with this scene the route near the frozen creek or the deserted alley where something low-spirited happens.Task 7 Register and genreIt is generally believed that variation ground on the use of language and variation based on the user of language are two main types of language variations (Gregory 1967, cited in Ghadessy 1994 p. 288). Register, to be exact, here stands for the variation based on the use of language (Ghadessy, 1994 p. 288). Halliday (1978, cited in Ghadessy 1994 p. 288) terms register with three variables known as field, mode and melodyTypes of linguistic situation differ from one another, broadly speaking, in three respects first, as regards what actually is taking place secondly, as regards what part the language is playing and thirdly, as regards who is taking part. These three variables, taken together, take the range within which meanings are selected and the forms which are used for their expression. In other wo rds, they determine the register.Painter describes that the field can be seen as the pagan activity or subject matter with which the speaker/writers are touch (2001 p. 173). The given text concerns introducing and crucially promoting selling a town habitation which is non-technical. This field to a great extent determines the used vocabulary and some grammatical features of the language. The text producer needs to persuade his potentiality customers to grease ones palms the house therefore a friendly and unbiased manner is favourite and demanded. The inanimate subject sentences are used throughout the whole text, together with short phrases like marked by and Cricketers Green, Yeadon. In this way, the text producer seems to be objective in his persuasion meanwhile language is crisp and clear with those short phrases. Certainly, many house related words are used in this text, like vestibule, kitchen, garden and parking place.Tenor refers to the social relations between the in teractions in any discourse (Painter, 2001 p.174), which determines the level of formalness and the level of technicality of the language to a great extent. In terms of the tenor, the given text involves the advertisement producer/marketing person and his potential customers they are in a relationship of persuading and to be persuaded. His language is not casual but formal. It can be seen from the imperative mood surround the agent which seems commanding and cold. This is relatively formal because their social distance is not short the advertisement producer who has already known most testifyation about the house whereas readers have not. The marketing person needs to inform and persuade others who have not the same common share with him. Meanwhile, there are almost no technical words within the text which can cause barriers in readers understanding as most are common words.Mode is deemed as the medium of communication, in particular whether it is spoken or written, which will hav e far-reaching effects on the language used (Painter 2001 p. 175). Obviously, the mode of this given print text is written not spoken. The use of inanimate subjects in sentences, like The accommodation incorporates a number of attributes, is a feature of written language.According to Allison, genre which traditionally serves to indicate different kinds of literary and artistic works has been introduced and expanded to identify classes of language use and communication in all areas of life (1999 p. 144).Swales (1990) put forward some important features of examples of genres some of them are worth mentioning here. For instance, the given text belongs to the course of instruction of advertisement in terms of specific name for genre. The purpose of the text can be identified as informing and prompting a sale of the house to potential customers. It is connected with certain discourse community, here referring to the community of people who are looking for a property.Bhatia (1998) advanc es seven moves within a structure used by writers for product promotion in business settings. Further, he develops a specific move structure in advertisements (2007). A series of the feature structure moves can be found within this text. Although it is short, the schematic structure of this text is clear and straightforward to readers. A striking headline which specifies the name, location and price of the house to be exchange in temerarious tells makes people notice it is relevant with estate gross sales a companied photo demonstrating the appearance of the house can be seen as a move of saying product, moreover, the eye-catching photo may also stimulate readers to read more or even consider to acquire the following part seems equivalent to soliciting response which lists the marketing person and the concern details including the agent phone number in strikingly bold which is necessary for getting potential customers response as well as for the advertisement producer to achie ve his final goal to sell the house the last part, product details as well as the positive evaluation, which contains the detailed introduction of the house is for readers consideration thus can be regarded as essential detailing and indicating values of the offer in introducing the offer phase.ReferencesALLISON, D. 1999. Genre, ELT Journal, vol. 53 no 2, pp 144.Bhatia, V. K. 1998. Analysing Genre language use in master setting, London New York LongmanBhatia, V. K. 2007. Words of Written Discourse, London Continuum.Cornbleet, S. R. Carter. 2001. The Language of dustup and Writing. London Routledge.Ghadessy, M. 1994. Key concepts in ELT Register, ELT Journal, vol. 48 no 3, pp 288-289.HOPPER, P. J. Discourse and the category verb in English. Language and Communication, vol.17 no 2, pp 93-102.Jackson, H. 2002. Grammar and Vocabulary a resource book for students. London New York Routledge.Knowles, M. R. Moon. 2006. Introducing Metaphor. London New York Routledge.K?vecses, Z. 2002 . Metaphor a practical introduction. Oxford Oxford University Press.LEECH, G. 2000. Grammar of Spoken English New outcomes of Corpus-Oriented Research. Language Learning, vol.50 no 4, pp 675-724.Lewis, M. ed. 2000. precept Collocation Further Development in the lexical approach, Hove Thomson Heinle Language belief Publications.Painter, C. 2001. Understanding Genre and Register Implications for Language Teaching in A. burn and C. Coffin (Eds), Analysing English in a Global Context a reader (167-179). London Routledge.Sinclair, J. 1991. Corpus, Concordance, Collocation, Oxford Oxford University Press.Swales, J. 1990. Genre Analysis English in schoolman and Research Settings. Cambridge Cambridge University Press.Swan, M. 1995. Practical English Usage. Oxford Oxford University Press.

Family Travel and Tours Company Analysis

Family pop off and Tours Company Analysis atom ONEFamily Travel and Tours has specialised in affordable, inclusive summer and winter sun lead mail boats for roughly forty years. The two insensible of our survive bidings keep back been price and predictability. Our prices were passing competitive, although they be less so this instant, and our nodes want to grapple ahead of duration exactly what they whoremonger expect from their travel exist. However, wobbles in the tourism mart agree ca employ our sales to stagnate, and we currently have zero growth in our guest modus operandis and fewer echo guests. Although according to the National Travel Survey, the number of tourers taking inclusive parcels have change magnitude signifi erecttly in the past twenty years, so has the number of outlets through which customers locoweed leverage their pass travel (Shaw and Williams 2004). The primary reason for our lack of growth is this increased competition.In price, w e have been adversely affected by a bang-up increase in the number of discount travel companies forthcoming to price-conscious consumers, specially over the internet. Whereas we once had just instantaneously competition from a limited number of local anaesthetic anaesthetic agencies, some of those who would have been our customer base argon etymon to experiment with online qualifications. This capables our market up non only to separate UK competitors, besides likewise to agencies from other countries. For example, the Ameri disregard company Cheap Tickets offers international flights, tours and cruises at highly competitive rates. One has only to run a elementary search under discount travel packages to reveal literally hundreds of competitors where our customers could compact their holiday send away. Many of these competitors likewise do not maintain brick-and-mortar branches, allowing them to offer even more than than competitive prices as they have lower hit costs.Additionally, individually year as a greater percentage of the community becomes comfortable purchasing over the computer and more and more tribe try out online spending, FTTs competitiveness on the basis of price is reduced. Customers be too finding they push aside create their own packages, as they potentiometer now research hotels, carry and activities online and subscribe to their own reservations for all of them.to a greater extent family-oriented travel destinations are also now providing inclusive packages on their own, and are able to offer these through online marketing. Whereas once our contacts with local travel companies allowed us to offer all-inclusive packages available to the consumer only through a travel agency, now there are a number of mails the typical traveler can book their desired holiday. For example, Disneyland Paris has its own hotels, restaurants and transportation. As such it can market directly to the customer without need of a midd le-man travel agency. Many other popular family holidaymaker destinations have similar offerings. Cruises are another all-inclusive alternative that can now be book directly without use of a travel agency.We have not reacted chop-chop or easily enough changes in the market and in customers themselves, leaving us in a vulnerable position. FTT therefore needs to make changes to its products and marketing strategies quickly to retain its market position in the forthcoming.SECTION TWOFTT has benefited from catering to two distinct customer groups, although twain on the basis of predictability and price. During the winter period, FTTs customer base tends to be onetime(a) good deal escaping the winter cold. The take up business in this niche is substantial and breaks come out further into two groups. The first wants to return to the same perspective each year, often even requesting the same room. The second group prefers packaged tours, typically taking a tour of a different l ocation each year. Both highly value predictability that is, they want to eat the foods they are used to and stay privileged their comfort zone even when traveling, rather than experience any kind of local culture. They also want to know when booking the details of their holiday, such as daily schedules, and want to spend their winter holiday in warm, sunny locations. This customer group has shown less stagnation, as the increase in competitors from online travel brokers has not penetrated this market group substantially as of til now. It is presumable that it will in the near future, however, particularly as the computer-friendly segment of the population expands and ages.Summer customers are typically middle-class families feeling for a convenient and affordable holiday experience. They also want to know ahead of time the details of their holiday, nevertheless more to ensure activities and fit accommodations are available for their children than for any deep-seeded need for sameness. Destinations with child-friendly attractions such as beaches and makeup parks are foundational in sales to this group. This segment of our customer base has suffered the most from increased competition. Where we or agencies like FTT were once the only place families could go to have their entire travel needs satisfied, online travel agencies and the attractions themselves are now providing equally planned holidays at prices at or downstairs ours.As we examine what changes need to be made, it is helpful to consider tourist motive from two step-downist and structuralist perspectives regarding our stagnant customer base. Reductionism views tourist motivation as a tension between the search for the new or novel experience and the requirement for some degree of familiarity (Shaw and Williams 2004, 140). This is true of twain winter and summer customers. They wish to experience a holiday foreign their current existence whilst maintaining a predictability that will allow them, whether older tribe or children, to be sure of a accepted level of comfortability.It is flimsy that we will be able to compete strictly on price, as was the case many times in the past. in that respectfore expanding the balance of variation and predictability in our current products is likely to be our strongest marketing asset for future growth. The question then becomes how to address these customer motivations in the changing and more competitive market.SECTION THREETodays postmodernist society is now consumer led, with the consumer dictating the location and activities they expect rather than evidently choosing from a limited assortment of package options (Sharpley 2003). Customers can now choose not only travel options we have available, exactly also those succeedd by remote travel operators and attractions themselves. Further, customers are more and more likely to create their own travel packages, as they now have access to information on local attractions, lodgi ng and transport for a given area. Their expectations are higher as far as flexibility and options are concerned, making it more difficult for FTT to plan or provide all-inclusive packages, particularly at any significant reduction in price.In accessory, as the divide between work and leisure has been reduced, and recreational avenues are more available throughout the year, the insolence of taking the family to the beach or theme park has diminished. Consumers are more likely to seek a holiday experience that allows them to escape from their day-to-day honesty rather than simply play instead of work (Sharpley 2003). Todays mass tourist desires to be in a place which is both real and yet fantastic at the same time, and to encounter commonwealth who are both authentically other yet also fun and fictional (Coleman and Crang 2002, 157). As such, our customers are beginning to demand travel packages that go beyond simply macrocosm at the beach or a certain location, solely also offe r some type of fantasy or brave opportunity.The immediate gratification and visually-based information preferences of the postmodern society also add to use upher themselves strongly to the convenience of internet booking provided by our competitors (Sharpley 2003). Now customers can actually see the room where they will stay, satisfying their predictability needs, yet individually reserve it in an instant, with the simple click of a mouse. The entire act is charged effortlessly to their credit gameboard, almost making it seem as though the holiday was free.This signals a change in our customer, especially those in the summer/family group. Whilst they still have a need for predictability so they can plan for their children and the children feel comfortable, there is an increased desire for new experiences, visually-based marketing, and easy, quick booking.SECTION FOUROne difficulty we are currently experiencing is the change in customers perceptions of our services and their at tributes, an event common over time in service-based sectors (Palmer 1994). Whilst they are still strongly motivated by predictability, they seek at the same time authenticity in their holiday experience. Authenticity can be viewed from the perspective of the place visited, or from the perspective of the tourist doing the visiting. fit to Handler and Saxton, the meaning of the term authenticity refers to experiences through which tourists feel themselves to be in touch with both the real arena and their real selves (Shaw and Williams 2004). There are three kinds of authenticity in the tourist experience. Two, objective and positive authenticity, are object-related. The third, activity-related authenticity, refers to a state of being that is to be activated by tourist activities (Shaw and Williams 2004). It is that place where one is true to oneself (Shaw and Williams 2004). For example, beach holidays whitethorn be seen as providing a relaxed, playful environment where people can be their true selves like they were as children, without the sometimes-false pretenses maintained at work or in the community.As our world becomes increasingly more connected, a certain homogeneity is affecting the authenticity of place. McDonalds restaurants provide an example. Although there is some regional adaptation (one can order wine in France or get kosher sandwiches in Israel), the chains product mix of a hamburger, fries, and a coke is constant throughout its restaurants in over 100 countries (Vignali 2001). all time a Tesco moves into a town, a number of the areas local merchants are likely to go out of business, reducing the regional differences of that area as opposed to the rest of the country. Shaw and Williams (2004) report Boorstin saw mass tourism producing a homogenization and standardization of the tourist experience through the commodification of culture (135). The create global culture of tourism accepts anything or any place being produced and reproduced, m oved and recontextualised in any place whatsoever this process label the proliferation and increased consumption of experiences that are depthless simulations, separated from tradition and history (Coleman and Crang 2002, 156). This makes it harder for FTT to provide unique travel packages.SECTION FIVEFTT needs to meet these changes in society and in the level of competition head on, addressing issues related to both our products and our target markets. First, we need to drop by the wayside viewing the internet as our finis and begin to view it as a means of increasing our customer base. Although we have a website, it is not as user friendly as it could be, and does not offer a wide range of holidays. We could expand our travel product available online. Instead of simply listing our set packages with prices, as our current website offers, we could experiment with creating an a la carte method of creating packages. With the invent software, this would be possible to do completely online, and agents wanting to make a booking could even use the same online system when dealing with customers. In this scenario, a customer could access our website and choose the components of their holiday, appealing simultaneously to the postmodern desire for novelty and our established customer need for predictability. For example, one family may want to have a less expensive lodging but hire a larger car. They would be able to do this on the website, and after all their bookings would have created their own package, as inclusive as they desire. This would also provide a price incentive as customers could pass for only the level of or types of provision they really desire.In addition to increasing the number of customers purchasing holidays from us, such flexibility and convenience in booking is also likely to increase the spend of our existing customer base. Whereas once one of our established customers might use us only for holiday travel, a convenient website might also lead to other bookings by the same customer, such as business travel, expanding our product base. We would also be able to attract more customers from outside the UK, or from areas inside the country where we do not have strong branch presence.We also need to change the product mix of our fixed-package offerings to include more novelty and fantasy. For example, we might add adventure activities to a beach holiday in such a vogue that they meet the safety needs of parents. Including ski lessons as part of a beach holiday provides some adventure, but because it includes instruction and a supervised environment it retains the safety and predictability our customers value. The entire family can together enter into an activity outside their normal circumstances.For our winter/older customer group, changing the type of tour or travel available would probably not be popular, but adding additional and more audacious locations where a level of comfort and predictability could be guarantee d would be advantageous. For example, as bomb seeks entrance into the European Union, it has become a country more open to tourism, providing a wealth of new places for tours, and usually at competitive prices. change magnitude availability and reduced price of air travel also now allow us to offer tours farther abroad, and we need to look into areas of the world such as India and Mexico, which were typically too far and too high-priced to be considered by our customers for a holiday. We would need to work closely with local lodging, transport and other providers to ensure the level of comfort our customers require, but these locations provide an opportunity to introduce adventure and fantasy in an appealing way to our older customer group.FTT should also expand our marketing via the internet, particularly to repeat customers and potential customers who have already initiated contact with us, such as those who stop by a branch to discuss travel options, but do not purchase right a way. Email is a simple and super inexpensive way to contact customers with various offerings. This would also allow us to increase our target markets. For example, the UK Tourism Survey shows that an increasing number of two-year-old working-class families are taking holiday abroad. As younger people are more likely to have computer access and be knowledgeable in computer operation, it figures that this is a potential market where FTT may increase market share.Working class families without computers could still be include in the target market, but through other means of penetration. oer forty million loyalty cards were in circulation in the UK in 1999, and that number has undoubtedly increased substantially since (Evans 1999). Most cost-conscious Brits now have several such cards, and those motivated by price are particularly keen on using them. Partnering with several major cards could not only increase our visibility and presence, but attract customers that might not consider h oliday travel.For example, we could offer a discounted package as a reward for points earned by a major loyalty card intention, such as Tesco. Alternatively, we could join the scheme itself and offer points for a customers spend with us. In any case, being included in a scheme with extensive emails, newspaper inserts, and other advertising would reach cost-conscious consumers, a distinction of our traditional customer base, who might not have considered package holidays before. We may also attract those who had purchased their packages elsewhere, at least to the point that they might call for about our offerings, either in person or online. Some in this market will be surprised at the affordability of many packages. It is also likely that since customers attracted from this target market have never had a holiday abroad before, they would be nervous about both planning and going. As such they would find our servcies as a travel agency both convenient and comforting. Once they went once on a holiday package from us, we could make them part of our database, and provide various marketing endeavors to encourage their repeat patronage.The marketing changes discussed above give FTT the opportunity to once again master the travel package sector of our industry, to attract and retain customers from a wider customer base, and to ensure future growth and profitability. Our society is changing, but if we change with it we can continue for another forty years of travel excellence.REFERENCESColeman, S. and Crang, M. (ed) (2002) Tourism amidst Place and Performance. Oxford Berghahn.Evans, M. (1999) Loyalty schemes and the Orwellian Millennium. British Food Journal, 101(2) 132-147.Palmer, A. (1994) Principles of Service Marketing. capital of the United Kingdom McGraw-Hill.Sharpley, R. (2003) Tourism, Tourists and Society. Elm Publishing.Shaw, G. and Williams, A.M. (2004) Tourism, Tourists and Tourist Spaces. London Sage.Vignali, C. (2001) McDonalds think global, act loc al the marketing mix. British Food Journal, 103(2) 97.WEBSITESwww.cheaptickets.comwww.cooptravelshop.co.ukwww.expedia.co.ukwww.gate1travel.comwww.travelbag.co.uk

Three Levels of Management

Three Levels of ManagementIntroduction knowledge system means by which people and organizations utilize technologies, collect, store call and distribute data. Good tuition system is utilize to tender of import information for finis making. The information engineering may be utilizationd for the treat, storing or distribution of data. These technologies collectively include information technology and data. It is an organized combination of people, hardwargon, softw are, communications net full treatment, and data resources that stores and retrieves, transform and disseminate information in an organization. Very main functions of information systems issystems analysis and design, that is to say, analyzing a customers lineage dispose (or trouble), with deference towards information adjoining, and intention and implementing an suitablegenerally computerizedsolution to the difficulty. schooling systems professionals who focus in this part are known assystems analysts. The procedure begins with a complete determination of the clients information needs and business processes. The result commonly involves various programming, in add-on to the use of a suitable occupation software package(s), for usage a database management system (DBMS) utilise for designing and implementing a database for the customer. It may also involve a number of ne tworking considerations, depending on the users needs and goals.Levels of managementThe term aim of management look ups to a bourn of demarcation between various managerial positions. The number of aims of management depends upon the size, technology, degree, of salmagundi and nature of product. There are mainly three trains of management in most of the organization. There areTop level management fondness level management demoralise level managementTop level managementTop level consists of the board of directors, general manager and early(a) senior executives. They fix the objectives of the organization. They fix the objectives of the organization. They prepare policies and takes important decisions to accomplish the objectives of the organization. They answer instruction and orders to lower level management. Every organization runs by the managers in that organization, who are taking opinion in the all step of organizational activities. In a big organization the computer department liable for giving information or data also called management information department. In an organizational information system is used to communicate and analyze the in every levels of the organization. In this level decides on the board objectives of an organization.attempt resource planningattempt resource planning is a method to add the information and processes of an organization into one single system. Generally Enterprise resource planning systems will have a lot of works including hardware and software, in order to pick up integration, most ERP systems use a joined database to store data for diffe rent functions establish all oer the organization. The word ERP firstly referred to how a big organization planned to use organizational wide resources. In the past,ERP systemswere used in better more than industrial types of companies. However, the use of ERP has changed and is really complete, nowadays the word can refer to every kind of company, no matter what industry it falls in. in reality ERP systems are used in approximately every type of organization considerable or small.In order for asoftwaresystem to be considered ERP, it must provide an organization with functionality for two or more systems. While some ERP packages come through that only transit two functions for an organization (QuickBooks Payroll Accounting), most ERP systems cover several functions.Executive entropy arrangings (EIS)An Executive Information System (EIS) is a type of management information system planned to assist and fend for the information and decision making needs of senior executives by tending(p) that simple access to both internal and external information cerebrate to meeting the strategic goals of the organization. The importance of executive information system is on graphical displays and easy to use user interfaces. EIS are enterprise large decision remain firm system that helps top level executives study, evaluate and evince trends in important variables so that they can check effect and trace opportunities and troubles.Middle level managementMiddle level consists of head of financial departments. They are responsible to top management. They are interested with organization and deputation function of management. Interpretation of the programs and policies communicate by the top level management, organizing and manning their departments as per the main plan, plan the departmental operations, guide direct and motivate their workers to attain the objective, co-operate and co-ordinate with other departments, evaluate the performance of his subordinates, collect reports and statics from the lower and dispatch in to top level management. These are the functions of center field level management. get a line and arrange the resources to meet the goals of an organization. In this level define the detailed tasks to be carried out at the operational level.Management information and reporting systems (MIS)- These systems place mid-level and senior managers through periodic, often summarized, information that help them determine performance (e.g., an exacting regions sales performance in a particular meter period) and create right decision based on that information. Provide middle level management with reports that summarize and categorise information derived from company database. decision support systems (DSS) These systems are considered to assist mid-level and higher-level managers create those complicated decisions approximately which not all related restriction is known. There are decision support systems that help out groups to create consensus-based decisions this is well-known as group decision support systems. A type of decision support system that is pitch mainly toward high-level higher managers is theexecutive information system(EIS) orexecutive support system(ESS). As this has the world power to do extremely detail analyses, just like a habitue DSS, it is designed mainly to help executives continue track of a elflike particular items that are critical to their day-to-day high-level decisions.Expert systems An skillful system is built with form keen on the computer the sentiment processes and decision-making heuristics of a conventional specialist in an exacting field. As a result, this kind of information system istheoreticallyable of making decisions for a customer, based on input received from the customerLower level managementLower level management is also known as supervisory management. This level includes supervisors, foremen, gang boss, accounts officer, sales officer etc. They are mor e concerned with direction and control function of management. Their functions are- plan for a day or weak, organize the activities of his group, allot work to the workers under him, issue operating instructions at the site, motivate the employees, arrange materials, machines, tools etc. for workers, give guidance and grapple the employees, to maintain discipline and good relations with the groups.Most decisions at in this level require easily defined information that relates to the current lieu and activities within the basic business functions. Information is gained from detained report which contains information about routine activities. Detailed tasks defined by middle management are carried out by people at operational level.Transaction processing systems (TPS)- These documentation and way of an organizations legal proceeding, for example sales transactions or transmit items, from the instant everybody is first created until it leaves the system. This help out the managers at the daily in effect(p) level keep track of daily transactions in addition to create decisions on when to put orders, create consignment, and almost immediately. These systems capture and process about business transactions. Sometimes its called as data processing systems. It is more often than not used at operational level. Usually creates detailed reports of daily transactions or future transactions. Reports generated are useful only to lower level managers of the organisation.Toyota Enterprises Information SystemsToyota Motor Corporation Australia (TMCA) is the second largest vehicle manufacturer in Australia. Toyota Australia has exported over 60000 cars to over 20 different commercial locations worldwide in 2003.Toyota Industries is developing and manufacturing information systems, such as the Warehouse Management System (WMS), and the stocking management system for automatic warehouses. When combined with the logistics equipment of TOYOTA Material Handling Company, we are able to provide our customers with optimized logistics solutions at their worksite.Business-to-consumer (B2C)- The main aspects of business -to-consumer this is the most super C form in ecommerce. The business is selling its items to an individual. The supplier is the business possessor and the purchaser is the individual consumer. In selling items through the website, business owners usually creates catalogs and online shopping carts for the consumers to choose from and for the business owners to accept online payments.Business-to-business (B2B)-The buyers and the sellers are both business owners. This is the type in which selling is among the companies. Mainly products that are sold by businesses are not manufactured by their own company. They immediately purchased those products passim wholesalers or from the product manufacturer itself. For example, Toyota Motors does plenty of B2B dealings like purchase the tires, glasses, rubber hoses and other parts of Toyota vehicles fro m another manufacturer.Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)- Consumer-to-consumer allows process of products between two individuals. This style does not require a middleman. Also the perfect example of this type is eBay in which it allows individuals to sell and purchase their products directly.ConclusionInformation technology is very important in business organization. Information technology is used in every levels of the organization. Companies cannot exist without the use of information technology. The basic opinion of information systems has been introduced. Hence, a general idea about the importance of information systems should be achieved. It is very clear that information system is very much important for the successful growth and development of the organization.BibliographyJohn.G.Burch Gary Grudnitski, Information System system Practice.Graham Curtis David Cobham, Business Information Systems analysis, design practiceRobert.D.Galliers, Dorothy.E.Leinder, Strategic Information Management 4thEdition.George Reynolds, Ethics in Information Technology (2003).http//blog.philwebservices.com/different-types-of-ecommercehttp//www.turningcourse.com/ukais/isdefn.pdfhttp//www.webopedia.com/TERM/I/Information_Systems.htmlhttp//books.google.co.uk/books?hl=enlr=id=7_-67SshOy8Coi=fndpg=PR9dq=information+systems+IN+TOYOTAots=YlWst9DhG2sig=cB9XURgqsBVDVdf80LLTvELxAQkv=onepageq=information%20systems%20IN%20TOYOTAf=false

Tokyo Riots Essay examples -- Papers

Tokyo Riots The panting mass of people pushed and hurled abuse at the front line of the anarchy police. There were hund passings of them, some of them genuine, protesting for something they feel is right, however, others just want trouble. The police exist that they can alone strive to prevent a disaster, they cannot stop one, only contain it and the problem is that the disintegrationers know this too. They also know that the police cannot scratch off them or even harm them, their only weapon is arrest. The wave of move against the police teams shields drones on and on gradually getting larger and to a greater extent powerful. The police officers faces are etched with fear as they attempt to go along back the swarm of people. Their attempts were failing, they were becoming tired and sub-consciously hurt by the comments universe fired at them. It wouldnt be long until their wall of resistance would be smashed. Suddenly, in the corner of the team c ommanders eye through his grid locked riot helmet he could just see one of his men fall to the institute as the rioters penetrated the line. This was the signal to the rioters, chaos broke out immediately, action had to be taken. Everyone began fighting each other, vandalising property and attacking the police. The police were vastly outnumbered and had to cerebrate quickly. Re-enforcements ran into action attempting to push the rioters back out and arrest the offenders. Police vans were ceaselessly escorting arrested rioters to the police station. Overhead, a helicopter surveyed the riot searching for instigators and known criminals so as to alert the troops below. Hotel Echo Lima India to ground patrol, main instigator and drugs... ...how, I doubt that. For you see, Im not really here and with that Willis advantageously vanished. Was there a crime? Two shadows danced in the shadows as its devil matching figures walked hand in hand down the dimly lighten back alley. Gone was the rubbish dump but the stench of downtown Tokyo clung to the walls as though it had been burnt by the hot sunbathe of many scorching days only to be cooled by the sticking hot nights that hid all dark and devious deeds. As the previous 2 figures passed under the soft orange glow of a nearby streetlamp their faces emerged from the tincture that had previously smothered their features. One was a man and one was a woman. The man in his forties, although he looked sixty-odd, and the woman had dark brown shoulder-length blur anda tattoo on her left shoulder of an elaborate red dragon.

The Status of Religious Language :: Religion Philosophy Christianity Essays

In recent work on the philosophy of religion, in that respect has been a great deal of concentration on what John bumpkinly, in his ism of Religion Prentice Hall International Editions, 1990, Chapter 7 calls the peculiarity of spectral spoken communication. What Hick is referring to is the fact that when language is used either to describe God, or to come any kind of religious logical argument, it is used in slipway that cursorily reveal inherent ticklishies of meaning. These problems have to do with the fact that magical spell religious statements seem to have all the authority of factual statements, it is kinda all the way non possible to regard them as actually cosmos equivalently authoritative. It is not difficult to indicate this a) messiah loves bobfloat and Edna. Edna loves chase. b) God has arranged me to do this. c) My parents have ordered me to stay in this evening. In the strip of statements a), it would be straightforward, in all kinds of ways, to dis cover evidence for or against the equity of the statement that Edna loves Bob. If one could listingen to their private conversations over dinner, for example, it would not be difficult to interpret the affection of Edna for Bob and, hopefully, of Bob for Edna. If Bob were mischievously or unhappy, Ednas conduct towards him would demonstrate her love. We could go on with this list and, without any difficulty, lengthen it considerably in ways which, despite the supposititious guess of our being deceived, would be generally verifiable and agreeable not precisely to Bob and Edna, but also to anyone else not devoutly unbelieving to whom we talent talk about Bob and Edna and their relationship. It would, though, surely, be rather more(prenominal) difficult to provide similar validation of the statement that Jesus loves Bob and Edna, for, in attempting to do so, one would need to address such resolute questions as the following how would we go about demonstrating either the trut h or the inconstancy of this statement if Bob say that he did not moot it was received and Edna said that she did, who would be speaking the truth if the statement were do by a friendly neighbour, worried about Bob and Edna neer aid church, on what basis might the statement be said to be veritably either true or false if Bob and Edna won a large amount of money in the national lottery, would this demonstrate that Jesus loved them The Status of Religious Language Religion ism Christianity EssaysIn recent work on the philosophy of religion, there has been a great deal of concentration on what John Hick, in his Philosophy of Religion Prentice Hall International Editions, 1990, Chapter 7 calls the peculiarity of religious language. What Hick is referring to is the fact that when language is used either to describe God, or to make any kind of religious statement, it is used in ways that quickly reveal inherent difficulties of meaning. These problems have to do with the fact that while religious statements seem to have all the authority of factual statements, it is quite clearly not possible to regard them as actually being equivalently authoritative. It is not difficult to demonstrate this a) Jesus loves Bob and Edna. Edna loves Bob. b) God has ordered me to do this. c) My parents have ordered me to stay in this evening. In the case of statements a), it would be straightforward, in all kinds of ways, to discover evidence for or against the truth of the statement that Edna loves Bob. If one could listen to their private conversations over dinner, for example, it would not be difficult to interpret the affection of Edna for Bob and, hopefully, of Bob for Edna. If Bob were ill or unhappy, Ednas conduct towards him would demonstrate her love. We could go on with this list and, without any difficulty, lengthen it considerably in ways which, despite the theoretical possibility of our being deceived, would be generally verifiable and agreeable not only to Bo b and Edna, but also to anyone else not devoutly sceptical to whom we might talk about Bob and Edna and their relationship. It would, though, surely, be rather more difficult to provide similar validation of the statement that Jesus loves Bob and Edna, for, in attempting to do so, one would need to address such intractable questions as the following how would we go about demonstrating either the truth or the falsity of this statement if Bob said that he did not believe it was true and Edna said that she did, who would be speaking the truth if the statement were made by a friendly neighbour, worried about Bob and Edna never attending church, on what basis might the statement be said to be veritably either true or false if Bob and Edna won a large amount of money in the national lottery, would this demonstrate that Jesus loved them

Anabolic Steroids Essay -- Drugs, Sports

When you ar presented an easier room to achieve a goal its first nature to mechanically be interested correct? When you feel overwhelmed with a task and the saying you did your best doesnt apply to you its safe to say that most tidy sum would do anything they can to succeed. Maybe as a child you were instructed by your p.e. teacher to run two timed laps scarcely you found a way to cheat and you only ran one. Imagine having to live up to the expectations of sign language a multimillion dollar contract most people would do anything wakeless or not to make sure that they be not considered failures. Its considered human instinct to cheat or to take an easy way out when you there is one presented and that is one of the main reasons why steroids are such a problem in sports today.Anabolic steroids, also contend as steroids or roids are synthetic versions of testosterone. The word anabolic comes from the Greek word anabole which means to build up. Steroids are drugs that are used to wake up the growth of the human body. The use of steroids without medical approval is strictly nix as congress classified the drug as a controlled sum in the late 1900s.The discovery of steroids came in the early 1930s. Leopold Ruika born in Vukovar, Croatia, was the chemist who created the drug. He received the Nobel Prize for interpersonal chemistry in 1939 and is considered one of the brightest biochemists during the 1900s. At first scientists pronounced the drug as medicine. It was used to help find ways to cure aids, cancer, and other storehouse diseases. It was also given to men who have not yet foregone through puberty because it was discovered that steroids help produce testosterone. Men who lacked the power to produce enough naturally were given as a ... ...heir victory through hard work and determination have to now absorb that they leave be perceived as cheaters due to the fact that there are so many athletes on steroids. Sports are all most testing your phy sical abilities and pushing your body to its furthest limits but when you are under the influence of steroids. Your performance is rigged and that eventually will be the reason as to why Barry Bonds achievements are no long considered. Steroid abuse also hurts professional leagues, after the steroid epoch in baseball, many beloved fans, retired players, owners, analysts felt ashamed when it came to how baseball had dark into a laughingstock. As a fan I was embarrassed that I believed in and encouraged the athletes who were criminals. I followed their careers and cheered when they broke the records of some of the greatest players in the history of baseball.

Digestion of a Sandwich Essay -- essays research papers

As I look at the ham sandwich sitting on the racing shell before me, I start to feel queasy with disgust. The slab of ham is lace with fat. The white solid stuff is just sitting there, taunting me. act me to eat it. The bread is stale, crumbling, falling apart. I kat once that as before long as I pick up the sandwich, the bread is going to disintegrate in my fingers, leaving me with nothing but the malicious ham. No, I com sticke to myself. I will not eat this sandwich.I just cannot stick myself to put this, this thing into my mouth. I know that if I make myself, I will only get it into my stomach, and then it would come right hindquarters up. I stand up and walk everywhere to my kitchen sink. I centripetal the cupboard door that is beneath, and I dump my sandwich into the garbage can. Now, I guess to myself, what to do about lunch.I walk over to the refrigerator and open the door. My eyes start scanning the shelves. Hmmm, nonoyes I will make myself a turkey sandwich. I like turkey. I like turkey a lot.I instruct the turkey and bent it on the counter. then(prenominal) I grab the Buttermilk White bread, freshly do by my mom. Shes like Martha Stewart, you know. She grows the wheat herself. She uses some kind of lurk we deal in the back yard to grind it into flour. We have a cow. She milked it herself. Then she made the buttermilk to put into the bread. Anyway, thats off the subject. I take out two tracks of bread and put them onto a wooden vinegarish board. I put a few thin slices of turkey onto ane piece of bread. I then take the other piece and lightly nestle it on top of the turkey. I put the sandwich onto a paper plate and take it to the table. I look at it and think to myself, job well done. But I cant athletic supporter thinking that Im missing something. Oh yes Miracle Whip. I quickly pass through up and run over to the refrigerator. You see, Im very thirsty(p) by this time. I grab the jar of Miracle Whip. I run over to our silve rw atomic number 18 drawer and grab a butter knife. Taking the two things over to the table, I sit down. I delicately remove the top slice of bread, and apply a thin layer of Miracle Whip. Then I put the top slice of bread on the turkey. I pick up the sandwich and am just about to take a bite. Then I remember. Im supposed to be eating a ham sandwich for this essay. Well, considering I dont like ham, I wont eat it. Butthis essay is supposed to be about a ham sandwich. So, wel... ...he Buttermilk White bread. The food makes its way to the crosswise colon and extra nutrients are released form the cellulose of the undigested particles. It continues on to the locomote colon. There I start to manufacture vitamin K and other B-complex vitamins. Those are then absorbed into my large bowel. The waste of my ham sandwich keeps going. The haustra removes either excess water that was not absorbed in my small intestine. It doesnt have to do much work, because there is hardly any knowledge b ase for absorption. The waste then travels down my sigmoid colon to my rectum. There the waste, now called fecal matter (A.K.A. feces) is stored until I have enough to defecate through my anal sphincter.That was only my the first bite of my ham sandwich. I have the rest of the sandwich to go. But I think my digestive body is a teentsy screwed up. For most people, the whole digestion process takes quite a few days. The food stays in their stomach for up to eighter hours, the small intestine for a long time, and in the large intestine for anywhere from three to five days. For me, this whole process took a little over five minutes. Mmmm, Im looking forward to my sustain bite.

Impact of Relationships Upon the Themes of Shakespeares Othello Essay

The Impact of the Relationship in the midst of Othello, Iago and Cassio Upon the Themes of Othello           The major themes present in Othello are Jealously, Betrayal and Appearance vs. Reality. distri scarceively one of these themes are reinforced throughout the play in Iagos diabolic fleck. They are represented or seen by Othello, Iago and Cassio and the relationship between them dictating the action of the play.   Othello is the main character of the play. He is a moorish general and transmit of the army of venice. He is a warrior, honest, and loves his new wife Desdemona very much. His altogether mistake is trusting his ensign, Iago too much and allowing Iago to come between his marriage. Iago makes Othello retrieve that his wife, Desdemona, is cheating on him. Iago is Othellos ensign, and the main villain of the play. He hoped to be promoted to the mooring of lieutament, but Othello chose Cassio invariablyyplace him. To get revenge, he brings forth a plot to convince Othello that Cassio and Desdemona, are having an affair. Iago is truly evil, and cares only about himself. Cassio is Othellos lieutanent who was chosen over the veteran soldier, Iago, for the patch. Cassio is a young and handsome Florentine and is very accomplished with the ladies. By getting drunk and hurting Montano, Governor of Cyprus, he gets carry through from being Othellos lieutanent.   The relationship between Othello and Iago is not sincere as Iago makes Othello and everyone else believe. Iago fools everyone into accept that he is an honorable man and loyal friend so that he can get punish Othello for not promoting him to lieutenant. No one ever suspects him of wrongdoing until the end of the play. By the first scene ... ...ssio is like a triangle where even though they are three different characters, they are connected in a way. Othello who has so much power as the general and head of the army, has a weakness in t rusting volume by their appearance. One of these persons is his ensign Iago, whose reputation is that of an honest man, but inside he is an evil person. His envy towards Othello drives him on deceiving him and Cassio into believing his speculate loyalty. Iago betrays him by plotting against him using Cassio who is manipulated and innocent of his evilness. Cassios only interest is getting the position as Othellos lieutanent and by this he gets used by Iago, who disliked him from the ascendant because that was the position he wanted to receive. By bringing Cassio in, we close the triangle understanding how the relationship between them dictate the motion of the play.  

Cyber-Communism: The New Threat in the New Millennium :: social issues

Cyber- fabianism The New Threat in the New MillenniumMy picnic into cyber- socialism began when I read Brock Meeks Hackers Stumble Toward Legitimacy1. The article addressed a recent hackers convention. Interestingly, the keynote tattleer was Eric Boucher2 (alias Jello Biafra3), a rock head with no technical background. Numerous questions ensue. Who is Eric Boucher (alias Jello Biafra)? What does he believe? much importantly, why schedule someone with no technical background to speak at a hackers convention? Addressing his beliefs, his proposed Green Party platform4 is not inharmonious with the Manifesto of Libertarian socialism5. This answer produces a more troubling question. Was his dialect against corporate America mere socialist babbling or was his words part of something more sinister, a subversive cyber-communist movement? I am not the first to see possible communist subversion of the digerati6. Corey Winesetts argon Linux Users Really Communists?7 questions the nature o f the relationship, if any, between open source and communism. Scott Billings Heresy and Communism8 ponders that the Linux communitys knee-jerk reaction to negative opinions about Linux could be the result of being infra the communists spell. Before I can evaluate cyber-communisms merits, I must sic communisms true nature and communisms real threat to America. Communism Revisited Theoretical communism and practical communism have long been held as different governmental sociologies. Despite Marxs call for the working class to revolt, the communist revolutions leaders always ascend from the intelligentsia. John Stormers None Dare Call It Treason supports this position saying Fidel Castro was a product, not of the cane fields of Cuba, but of the halls of capital of Cuba University. Joseph Stalin was not a simple peasant rebelling at the oppression of the Czar. He became a communist while studying for the priesthood in a Russian Orthodox seminary. The membership of the first Commu nist spy ring reveal in the U.S. Government was not spawned in the sweat shops of New Yorks begin east side or the tenant farms of the South. The conspirators came to high government posts from Harvard law of nature School. Communisms fallacy is the belief in everyones benevolence yet, human nature proves otherwise. Communism cannot create a perfect society with imperfect people. Hence, to direct Utopia, communism produces a totalitarian government over the less-perfect people, ruled by the perfect people - communists. Thus, communisms true nature creates a controlling government in the name of a better world. Not every supporter demand be a knowing conspirator.

Pamela Haist :: essays research papers

I love my grandmother (or whom I call Nana) truly much and I look up to her more than anyone else I know. Shes smart, kind, funny, social, and very out overtaking. I remember one cadence at the mall, when she was move up the down escalator, and she couldnt figure out what was wrong with the boneheaded thing She just kept pass up it, and cursing at it wondering what was wrong. As youve probably guessed, my speech is about Nana, my greatest percentage model.     Pamela Haist was born in March, Cambridgeshire, England on March 19, 1924. Her name at that cartridge holder was Pamela Muriel Bailey. She was raised by her grandmother and uncles until she was about eight years sometime(a) because her father and mother could not afford to keep a fry at that time. According to Mrs. Haist this was quite common in a time before unemployment insurance and social benefits. She was an only child, and raised with very stiff rules. For instance, every night she had to be in bed by half dozen oclock. She had to lie in the bedroom of her two-level house, listening to her stars playing out in the streets until she fell asleep. This continued until she was twelve or thirteen years of age.      disrespect the rules that may have hurt other peoples social skills, Miss Bailey had umpteen friends as a child. She told me of one friend that she remembers quite well(p), her best friend Daphne.      "When I was a young girl," she reflected with a laugh, "I remember us going out one day to play. We were on our bikes, which is how we usually got around, wearable our best Sunday clothes at the time, white frocks with frilly lace. We were walking along the wall of the sewage centre. I said Lets go oer that wall and see whats there. Ill help you all over first. Come on, it will be ever so much fun. So I helped her up over the wall and she landed right in a sewer fill up with muck. I said Ill be right over. Keep on going By the time she came out, her dress (for picture day) was filthy She came up to me the future(a) day and said My mother says Im not to have anything more to do with you. But of course that didnt last five minutes."     Miss Bailey did very well in school with various subjects.