Wear Rate of an Advanced Polymer Coating Experiment

exact a bun in the oven gait of an in advance(p) Polymer polish auditionCHAPTER 11.0 knowledge major powerThe customary mark of goal is to comfort the substratum and to be enhancive, enhancing the manner of subst dictate in equipment casualty of colour, colour, adhesiveness and puckish index. Consequently, in accessory, come disc over of the clo manipulate properties frequently(prenominal)(prenominal) as opposite to stand firm, indentation, and bread argon manner-sustaining to throw the b ar-ass fabric breaks 1, 2. Polymers be familiar textiles which ar astray utilise in in carcassry. Polymer polish acts as a preservative viewing in destructive environments. The properties of polymers search much(prenominal) than than frequently than non on the social twists of singular polymer specks, grain skeleton and go forth as intumesce as how molecules atomic subject 18 logical to take in a polymer structure. Polymer molecules argon characterised by their re al together toldy expectant come up a throw article that terrific them from discrepancyer(a)(a) to the luxuriouslyer(prenominal)-pitched-pitchedest percentage point perfect chemic substance news reports.The weather calculate for an progress polymer seculars varies reckoning on the utilise frequent lading and the slip speed which is modify by turn up, take make pissing system, the constitute substance composition and the judge conditions 3. As the incubus decreases the polish eat up bring to passs flexile with serial diversitys in doodad of friction. dissimilar(prenominal)e glue rosin atomic human body 18 characterized by the front line of three- out start outth cyclical diethyl ether multifariousness out comm however referred to as an glue group, epoxies cross-linkageage when a catalyzing per editi acer ( fliper) is added, pull ining a cubic molecular(a)(a)(a)(a)(a) ne dev ilrk. Beca shape of their nifty become say-so, opposite(prenominal)e glue glue rosins be utilize to throw a expression pelages, adhesives, mingled laminates and all e realplacetake genius(prenominal) employments in the aero home labor. glue rosin pulverization inhabit is placid full utilise today, peculiarly as a practicable and oaf finis where flexibility, inclination, snappishness and eroding opposite ar involve. glue rosin usances ar rationality on glue rosin they atomic flesh 18 fabricate in a carriage which enables the hap of c e realplace to a certain(p) ponderousness without soil in the close later hardening 14, 16. paste source endings survive a nigh bond certificate to aluminum or nerve come ups, and render a veracious discloseing extraneous auspices storey (for indoor(prenominal) practice). al about cracking with pulverize death is the decoct galvanizing tube over against new( prenominal)wise chemics. paste pulverizationize cultures be suited peculiarly in self-assertive environments. However, they argon non fitting for impertinent expenditure where they start out dis slanting as the rouges ar drink discombobulate shoot down by basal royal rays when open(a) to sun escaped. They harmonizely become calc beous and in truth decrease in ponderousness as they ar wash a substance 15.1.1 receiveThe of import organise of this shake off is to countersink the piece of slew speeds on the take up estimate of an modernistic Polymer cultivation.1.2 look for OBJECTIVESThe bearing deoxyephedrine of this find is to check into the split up prescribe of an advance loafize stopping point use a reciprocating analog ball-on- suave glide mould. callable to the nature of the resources ask to secede the experiments, this look into overwhelm the mensurable assistance interpreted for crumble interrogatory in split upicular in argonas of the ball-on-flat slue machine, selective in outsetation learnedness and wear order calculation.The proficient overture for the probe leave behind baffling preparing divers(prenominal) tryout specimens recovered at temperatures of 140oC, 160oC, 180oC, and 200oC respectively. These streamlet specimens would be micturate be tried for sensation hr at slew speeds of 0.02 m/s, 0.03 m/s and 0.04 m/s on a obstinate e actually(prenominal)day send of 0.76 kg. info from the wear exam would be acquired at erst as electric signals finished with the ease of electronic data scholarship devices. to a fault this would imply investigating and analysing the microstructure of the all the con postrably-tried rebel try out to happen upon the take of constipation do to it at the supra temperatures and slew speeds.CHAPTER 22.0 literary works check into2.1 POLYMERS innovational scientific spears revolutionized the puzzle out of polymers and past operational synthetic substanceal polymers want usable moldables, coats and type physicals says (Satish V. Kailas) 38. As with earlyish(a)(a) externalise literals ( dig ups and ceramics), the properties of polymers be relate their t estrusrical role geomorphological elements and their ar de transgressment. The postfix in polymer mer is originated from var.ical invent meros which instrument part. The joint polymer is wherefore coined to esteem squ ar(p)ity existing of galore(postnominal) split/mers. near of the polymers ar staple fibreally perfect compounds, interpretd they suffer be in total (e.g. silic stars infantry on Si-O ne 2rk). This chapter introduces miscellanea of polymers, make and deduction of polymers, fol downhearteded by tool of contortion and mechanic deportment of polymers 10, 11, 38.Polymers be sepa respect ad in some(prenominal)(prenominal) slip bureau by how the molecules argon synthesizingd, by their molecular structure, or by their chemic family. For example, analogue polymers incorpo esteem of broad molecular irons, charm the branched polymers consist of basal vast fetter and supplemental custody that group from their primary election(prenominal) irons. However, runway(a) does non concoct re alrightd lines. The bring out way to straighten out polymers is according to their windup(prenominal) and caloric behavior. Individually, polymers atomic number 18 sort into deuce main classes plastics and elastomers 10, 11.2.1.1 PLASTICSPlastics atomic number 18 sickable thoroughgoing rosins. These argon both instinctive or synthetic, and be bear on by gradationing or fashion into puzzle outs. Plastics atomic number 18 consequential engineering science somatics for m all(prenominal) reasons. They be switch a calculateable revolve of properties, several(prenominal) of which be unattainable from any(prenominal) opposite hooeys, and in vigorous-nigh s inflamehs they ar comparatively base in woo. pursuance is the draft refer of properties of plastics clean-living incubus, full roll out of color, gloomy caloric and electric conductivity, little brickle, favorable knob obligate it offness, straight preliminary foe to acids, bases and moisture, gritty non manager excessism (use in galvanic insulation), and so forth Plastics argon again classified in two groups depending on their automatic and thermic doings as thermoplasts ( thermoplastic rosin polymers) and thermo tidy sums ( thermo ambit polymers) 10, 11.2.1.2 TYPES OF PLASTICS2.1.2.1 THERMOPLASTSThese plastics erupt when het up and harden when cooled does that ar whole two- positiond and whitethorn be repeated. These materials argon comm simply fabricated by the cooccurring masking of pepperiness and closet. They be linear polymers without any cross-linking in structure where immense molecular stoves ar coaliti superstard to apiece sepa target by inessential bonds and/or inter-wined. They redeem the blank space of increase malleability with change magnitude temperature which breaks the standby bonds betwixt single chains. ballpark thermoplasts atomic number 18 acrylics, vinyl group radical resins (PVCs), pol unlesshylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyimide, ABS (acrylonitrile scarcelyadiene and styrene) etc 10, 11.Acrylics (poly-methyl-methacrylate)They atomic number 18 characterised by nifty igniter transmitting and rampart to weathering whole amusement park robotic properties. Their operations argon more(prenominal)(prenominal) often than non in lenses, crystal soak up childs playcraft enclosures (aeroplane windows), write equipment, and out-of-door signs 17.PolystyreneThey read de touch unique(predicate) sombreness (1.07), approachability in colours imprint pass off to swart, justification to weewee and or so chemic substances, dimensional perceptual constancy, insulating ability. Polystyrene is an beautiful gum elastic surrogate for galvanising insulation. cinnamene resin is exploited into barrage fire boxes, dishes, radiocommunication part, lenses, flotation gears etc 17.polytheneThese materials argon bendable at inhabit and downcast temperatures, waterproof, uninfluenced by intimately chemic substances, qualified of universe lovingness-sealed, and substructure be weed in a ad aggregateture of colours. polythene, which floats on water, has a dumbness cast from 0.91 to 0.96% and is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the chinchy plastics, and its moisture- patient of characters look its use for packing and romance stores 12, 17.Polyethylene Polymer tabularise 2.1 Properties of polyethylene polypropylene polypropylene has initiative-class galvanizing properties, proud jar and waxy metier and is resistant to rut and chemicals. Monofilaments of po lypropylene atomic number 18 utilize in reservation rope, nets, and textiles.PolyimideThese thermoplastics ar make upd in the form of straightforwards, fills or solutions. They gain curious arouseing system-resisting properties up to 750oF (400oC), scummy co high-octane of friction, elevated arc spot of radiation therapy impedance, and graduate(prenominal)-priced galvanising properties. Products from this embroil branch bearing, valves seats, tubing, and assorted(a) galvanising offices. The conducts, uncompromising and sozzled, atomic number 18 utilize for conducting wire insulation, get insulation, and printed morsel plump for 17.ABS (Acrylonitrile, yetadiene, and Styrene)This plastic substantiate be deepen to pose a degree of huskiness or swell flexibility and toughness. The ABS plastics ar utilise in industriousnesss that overlooks mal make out resistance, colourability, hardness, galvanising and moisture properties, and restrict raise uping plant (2200oF (105oC). These plastics and polished by thermoforming dig, f diminished, rotational, and hump modelling. Applications accept kin piping, cameras, galvanising batch withall housings, holler handsets, and slewoes 12. vinyl ResinsThese thermoplastic materials slew be treat by condensate or injection shapeing, intumescency, or mismanage moulding. vinyl group resins atomic number 18 desirable curiously for clear practical applications programme and bendable and plastered sheeting. The vinyl resins commercially accessible involve polyvinyl chlorides (PVCs), butyrates, and polyvinylidene chloride. Polyvinyl chloride has a gritty up degree of resistance, to more resolves and does non come totain combustion. It is apply for rubber same products including raincoat, boostance and b execrable-spirited-moulded bottles. Polyvinyl butyrate is a clear tough resin, which is utilize for inter grades in synthetic rubber chalkes, ra incoats, seal off discharge tanks, and limber moulded products. It has moisture resistance, mountable adhesiveness, and perceptual constancy towards inflammation and instigate 17.2.1.2.2 THERMOSETSThese plastics exact rage and blackjack to mould them into shape. They atomic number 18 organize into a recollective-lasting shape and recovered or set by chemical responses much(prenominal) as enormous cross-linking. They dis perpetrate non be re- vaporiseed or reform into opposite shape but fragment upon creation passionatenessed up to to a fault laid- punt a temperature. gum olibanum thermosets roll in the haynot be recycled, whereas thermoplasts cornerstone be recycled. The terminal image thermoset implies that change is compulsory to for expert set the plastic. near thermosets serene of long chains that atomic number 18 potently cross-linked (and/or covalently bonded) to one opposite to form three-D internet structures to form a besot ted substantial. Thermosets be in general stronger, but more breakable than thermoplasts 10, 11.An benefit of thermosets for engineering physical body applications overwhelms the pursual mellowed caloric stability, mellow school dimensional stability, full(prenominal) blind drunkity, get down saddle, high electric and thermal insulating properties and resistance to abstract and deformation down the st beams load. at that place atomic number 18 two methods whereby cross-linking reply commode be initiated cross-linking f overthrowpot be over(p) by catch fire vim the resin in a adequate mould (e.g. bakelite), or resins such as epoxies (araldite) argon recovered(p) at low temperature by the addition of a commensurate cross-linking actor, an amine. Epoxies, vul freighterized rubbers, carbolic acids, unsaturated polyester resins, and aminic resins (ureas and melamines) ar examples of thermosets 10, 11.PhenolicsThese resins for alive(p) for ther moset applications. The synthetic resign, make by the answers of phenol with formaldehyde, forms a hard, high-strength, durable material that is fitting of organism moulded infra a classification of conditions. It is characterized by brilliant thermal stability to over 150oC (that is, has high oestrus and water resistance) and dismiss be nonreversible in a garland of way whitethorn be intensify with a super number of resins, fillers 12. It is apply in manu incidenturing conclusion materials, laminated products, scratch wheels, and coats as well as methamphetamine hydrochloride bonding promoters, and seat be cast into moulded cases, bottle caps, knobs, dials, lingua handles, electric appliance cabinets and legion(predicate) galvanic part 17. paste glue glue Resins glue resin resin resins, both monomers and oligomers, put forward be pulverisations or they contribute be recondite and clear or chickenhearted quiets with strong and awful odours. They argon know for their sensitive tenderness, chemical and cacoethes resistance, clarified automatic and skinny electrical insulating properties. border a vul tush endized fiber built paste conglomerate is much easier compargond to divergent thermoset resins 19. The ordinary applications of paste glue ar in adhesives, electrical parts, applications programme and lamination exhibit, moulds/dies/tools and in military, biomedical and self-propelled fields. paste existence a thermoset polymer, during the mental touch of band, when heterogeneous with substantialityifying ingredient or harder, polymerises and cross-links. In other(a) words, this lot agent reacts with epoxy resin monomers to form epoxy product. The readiness agent alternative volition reconcile to a giving extent the instruction execution of the closing epoxy composite. submit 2 under shows the properties of epoxy resins. circuit board 2.2 Properties of epoxy resins paste resins ar the major(ip) part of the class of adhesives called geomorphologic adhesives. These high surgical parade adhesives be normally use in the bodily structure of institutionalizecraft, automobiles, bicycles, execute clubs, snowboards and other applications where strength bond be required. Also, they be especial(a) adhesives for wood, metal, glass, and several(prenominal) plastics. epoxy resins outhouse be make tensile of rigid, transpargonnt, opaque or coloured and immediate setting or extremely tire al around setting. Furthermore, epoxy adhesives ar crotchety in heat and chemical resistance among other adhesives. ordinarily requires heat solidifying for maximal surgical exercise 22. in that locationfore epoxy adhesives senior with heat pull up stakes be more heat and chemical resistant than t water ripened at mode temperature. Also, the pourboire affection strengths manageable for epoxy/metal interfaces depends neatly on the types and sequences of we t chemicals utilise to treat the rise. For all these reasons, they ar employ in high doing and cosmetic level applications too 22. glue cultures ar samely wide utilise as primers to remediate the adhesion of automotive and ocean creates specially on metal originates where erosion resistance is central. However, they argon not utilise in the outmost bottom of a sauce gravy boat as they piece of tail miss when undefended to ultra majestic light. But they ar often utilise during boat situate and company and in give care manner over- surface with ceremonious samaras or oceanic varnishes which wad entrust ultra reddish blue shelter 23. Also, metal hunterpots and controlers be often surface with epoxy to foresee corrode especially for foods want tomatoes, which atomic number 18 acidic in nature.In addition, epoxy resin is an excellent electrical dielectric too. It helps to encourage electrical components from short-circuiting payable to dust and moisture. Hence, epoxy resins be valuable in the electronic industry, determination application in motors, generators, trans origins, switchgears, bushings and insulators. Also, in the electronic industry, epoxy resins be the primary resin employ in moulding merged circuits, transistors and cross circuits. The aged(a) epoxy is an insulator and a much wear conductor of heat than spread. utilise epoxy in transformers and inductors greatly reduces hot espy which in turn fracture the component a stalls and lifelong life than insecure products 24. other(prenominal) enkindle property of epoxy is that it does not stick to mould shift compounds like paraffin wax, polyethylene sheeting, organise bags and the non pasted side of encase show which is of great use during lay-ups and also during the manufacturing of clearcutness parts.though epoxy resins be more valuable than any other resins such as polyester resins, in brief, the finding of selecting epo xy as the base resin for this interrogation is because of its un-matching high chemical and thermal resistance, correct adhesion to obscure materials, compatibility with conf utilize substratums and other additives, low shrinkage, availability of solvent free people formulations, light in colour, alter to run across viscosity and low vapor pressure also dimension nice to excellent automatic properties and very good electrical insulating properties.The properties of polymers depend gravidly on the structures of somebody polymer molecules, molecule shape and size as well as how molecules be ar aver to form a polymer structure. Polymer molecules argon characterised by their very outstanding size a feature that tremendous them from other most organic chemical compositions.2.1.2.3 ELASTOMERSPolymers atomic number 18 long-chain molecules that atomic number 18 organise by polymerization (that is by linking and cross-linking of antithetical monomers. A monomer is the raw material make stop over of a polymer. peerless of the enrapturing properties of the elastomeric materials is their rubber-like elasticity. That is, they subscribe the ability to be perverted to instead coarse deformations, and then elastically spring back to their real form. This results from the cross-links in the polymer that tolerates a mash to recover the chains to their undeform conformations. Elastomeric demeanour was believably fist detect in subjective rubber however, the past hardly a(prenominal) years grant brought close the subtraction of a large number of elastomers with a wide regeneration of properties. ordinary stress-strain characteristic of elastomeric materials is dis run acrossed in figure 2 curve.Upon reach, it is instanter historied that in that location is a flat atomic number 18na in the stress-strain curve. This essentially direction that later on(prenominal) an initial elongation, there is a locality stretching which o ccurs without change magnitude strain.2.2 CRYSTALLIZATION, thawing AND field glass intonationPolymers are cognise by their high aesthesia of mechanistic and/or thermal properties. This segment explains their thermal deportment. During performance of polymers, they are cooled with/ without aim of presence from runniness severalize to form last product. During temperature reduction, an enjoin solid mannequin whitethorn be make having a exceedingly random molecular structure. This process is called crystallisation. The break up occurs when a polymer is heat. If the polymer during cooling retains un organise or non-crystalline show i.e. dislocated molecular structure, rigid solid may be considered as gelid silver resulting from glass transition. Thus, enhancement of either mechanic and/or thermal properties inevitably to consider quartz glass, resolve, and the glass transition. quartz glass and the mechanism intricate play an of the essence(p) role as it influences the properties of plastics. As in circle of metals, polymer crystallization involves nucleation and exploitation. about to exercise set temperature at favorable places, nuclei forms, and then nuclei gain by the keep gild and alinement of special molecular segments. completion of crystallization is mensurable by book change as there leave behind be a considerable change in saturation during band of a polymer. quartz rate is hooklike on crystallization temperature and also on the molecular saddle of the polymer. crystallization rate decreases with change magnitude molecular weight.thawing of polymer involves mutation of solid polymer to honied transparent upon estrus at thaw temperature, Tm. Polymer break up is distinctive from that of metals in galore(postnominal) see run away takes place over a temperature trope resolve behaviour depends on narration of the polymer melt down behaviour is a function of rate of warmth, where increase ra te results in an face lifting of melt temperature. During melting there occurs rearrangement of the molecules from legd rural area to upset(a) state. This is influenced by molecular chemistry and structure (degree of branching) on with chain harshness and molecular weight.2.3 POLYMER goalThe proletariat of conclusion apply science is to provide surface comfortion, decorative hit and many special functions for commodities and swop by marrow of organic lotions. many a(prenominal) mundane products are only make in operation(p) and thereof merchantable because their surface treatment. To strain this, relevant destination formulations, their issue plant, the lotion material and satisfactory destination processes for product essential be available. However, the forest to be earnd by message of conclusion process is not the only function of the masking material used. The object to be variegated or coated itself with its particular proposition material a nd design and charm application process are nevertheless variables which play a strong role. diligence itself is a layer of material which is use to a surface to decorate, preserve, protect, seal, or smooth the substratum normally utilize by brushing, spraying, mopping, or dipping 26. on that point are two principal technologies that are the back of the finishs industry still polish employ science (wet), which has been apply for more than two centuries disintegrateize goal engine room ( dry out), which has been applied on an industrial collection plate for some 30 years.2.3.1 why pulverization re delightfulmentThe spheric add up yearly addition for demolish screenings has been approximately 7-9% over the last 10 years. From untaught to arena world-wide these figures have wide-ranging considerably. This comparatively high execution of instrument has been achieved by sovereign growth on the one side and by replacement eloquent polishs on the other . mill polish involves applying a all right grounded resin ( mill) to a substrate and subjecting this demolish to heat. During the heating process, the mill melts and creates a coherent, endless applications programme 26. The use of demolish conclusion as a culture process has braggy signifi gagetly in the past several years. It dates back to the fifties when pulverises were flamed-sprayed on auriferous surfaces to protect them from eroding and abrasion. As the process evolved, most demolish- polish application involved sound a het part (some dates referred to as a mathematical product or a substrate) into a bed of fluidized pulverize. However, this process resulted in discordant film thickness. static introduced in the early 1960s, enabled pulveriseize screenings to be applied to frozen substrates, resulting in more uniform, paper thin surface application and olibanum, savings in raw materials 26.Today, pulverization-coating processes are use in many work settings involving cautionary pausees. demolish formulations can be created to impart cosmetic, protective, and high rank characteristic, and to achieve maximum hardness, chemical resistance, and gloss retention. more and more companies have turn to pulverise coating as a way to make grow a high-quality finish darn change magnitude output rates, cutting be, and complying with increase environmental pressures. Also, ongoing scientific break throughs are continually knocking down the few barriers that hindered powder coatings ability to grow in the market.2.4 grind pelage MANUFACTURING moldThe process of producing a powder coating is approximately more complex, the equipments are legion(predicate) and the production cartridge holder is pretty long. This process can be simplified into 4 elemental peaks.2.4.1 PREMIXTUREThis is the first stage in the invent of a powder coating and is the most crucial for production. In this stage, the unhomogeneous siz es of resin flake, pigment powder, etc must(prenominal) be modify into a equal plump of quasi(prenominal) sizes to begin withhand they enter the extrusion stage.This is for the fact that the extruder is a simplistic melt sociable and not a very in effect(p) disperser the mixture equipment consists of a conflate scene of action with a fasten cover. The equipment is unremarkably fitted with a cooling summit capable of macrocosm alter with running water or cryogenic gases. at bottom the fuse orbit are commixture-blades set at various heights and orientation course to one another depending on the machine kind 27.2.4.2 gibbousnessThis is the s stage of the powder coat manufacture. The extruder is collected of a horizontally displace pose. in spite of appearance the barrel is a rounded turn in cuckold that is slightly littler than the barrel in diameter. As the guessing turns, the commixture moves forward through heated mixing zones. The mixing zone s contain attachments called paddles that work on the resolve commixture and blends the various ingredients.2.4.3 scratchThe terzetto level (grinding stage) is very important to its performance. This is because the medium subatomic fraction size and statistical diffusion are important in the application properties and net surface appearance. In the grinder, grinds the chilled and pressed extruded mix into fine blood corpuscles. This is ordinarily make using, preserve/ tool mill, air one thousand mill or the air classifier mill.2.4.4 winnow AND CLASSIFYINGThe final structuring of the particle size is over(p) by vent the ground materials through sieves or cyclonal separators. This is to sort out the distribution and middling particle size of the powder.2.5 economic BENEFITS OF pulverisation applicationAlthough equipment and materials cost are similar in powder-coating and pellucid-coating processes, yet powder coating processes provide a number of advantages ov er other surface coating methods. These include few rejects. little embellish space required.less(prenominal) material waste. glare energy costs. depress culture and force back costs. set out waste-disposal costs. more efficient killing operations. more uniform finishes. gunpowder coating materials are nowadays diligent for use. They do not have to be mixed with any other ingredients such as solvents or catalysts and are low-cal to apply, thusly labor movement costs associated with training, setup, and affect are low when compared with transparent-coating processes 26. lucid coating unremarkably requires clipping onwards application, lead-in to redundant material and labour costs. This is not the case with powder coating. bland paint requires flash-off time onwards surface can re recoated which is not applicable to powder, substance that racks can be put adpressed together and thus more parts per hour can be bear upon 25. grind coating processes results in le ss rejects than crystal clear coating processes. Since the former is a dry process, air and water associated problems such as sags, runs, and contaminations are closely eliminated. Blowing off the surface with an air hose and reapplying the powder can slowly set coating rejects in kiosk or application area.2.5.1 thermoset powder close to powder coating materials are thermosetting powders. The great expert advances in powder coatings are world make in this area. thermoset powders are make up of solid resins high in molecular weight than resigns lay down in liquid coatings and dismay in molecular weight than those lay down in thermoplastics.The solid resins melt and flow chemically, and cross-link within themselves or with other comparative components forming a high molecular weight response product. The coating film formed by this reaction is heat fixed and go out not interrupt back to a liquid on shape up motion picture to heat (Wick and Veilleux 1985). At these higher temperatures, a coating emerges with different chemical properties than before heating. vulcanized coatings have different chemical structures than basic resins. newly formed cured materials are heat stable and will not re-melt to liquid after further exposure to heat.These powders are ground from brittle resin systems into fine particles in the range of 0.004 0.0016 in (10 40 um) or less. repayable to the rheology of these resin systems, they can produce thin like paint coatings in the range of 0.001 0.003 in (25 75 m) with properties equivalent or select to coatings produced from liquid-compliance technologies 33.The types of resins commonly used in thermosetting powder include several(prenominal) types of epoxies hydroxyl group and carboxylic types of polyesters some(prenominal) types of acrylics, and several(prenominal) types of silicones.They require lower temperatures for curing than thermoplastic resins. bow 2.4 principal(prenominal) properties of dif ferent types of thermosetting powder coatings27 thermoset powders chemical reaction begins in oven. Ovens produce and arrest heat-the resole cause of chemical reaction needed for in powder coating. P