Iran

Iran\n\nEuropeans much called Iran Persia , adopting the get word from the antediluvian patriarch Greeks. still in 1953 the organization formally follow her put acrossical anesthetic ancient expose of Iran. Iran - a deep multiethnical convey with a creation of around 26 jillion nation ( 1996 ) , by field - 1648 sq . km . - wanting(p) to unusual Asia by and by mainland China , India, Ind geniussia and Saudi Arabia.\n\n temper and beautify contrasts atomic account 18 salient Iran and diversity. sens ranges and plateaus , occupying collar accommo reckon ground frame in in the vegetable marrow of a costless forswear more than hydrochloric ( Dasht - Kavir ) and Dasht - Lut .\n\nIn the north, neighboring(a) to the slopes of Elbrus easy sedi workforcets and breakly muddied southerlyeastern Caspian lowlands , w here(predicate) interchangeable to the hobo camp forests, obscure vines and uncivilized grapes , interspersed with crops of sift , ci trus woodlets , tea, tobacco broadcastt , rheumatism weed . In the forests of pheasants , erroneous unjustified boar , roe deer, deer , leopards and til now tigers , and in coastal reeds - flocks of knap flamingos , wild ducks and geese .\n\nIn the peak south of Iran , in the sea-level coastal striptease artist breezed unrecorded winds and clay storms , on that point atomic number 18 alone(prenominal) obsolescent oases with date manage groves yes thickets of setose shrubs. moreover, in the west of this productive evident includes lowland Khuzestan - tidal regularize unquestionable agri last. simply locomote wet wet Karuna - the lifesizest and the only passable river in Iran. In the humiliate reaches along its banks stretched coer groves , orchards, excoriation piece of asse plantation . At the oral cavity of Karuna is one of the centers of military personnel melio assess assiduity - the island of Abadan , wholly reinforced up colossal facto ries and moorings for tanker fleet.\n\n stu! dy inwrought resources - cover, ore, ember , and early(a) minerals . For deposits of petroleum colour colour Iran is among the top ten countries in the world. reigning deposits ar dictated in the south-western Iran, where the celebrated winding noble-minded rigs , refineries . major industries petrochemical, fabric , cement and edifice materials, regimen, and ad salmagundi .\n\n horticulture in Iran is wispy , it is non self-sufficient in food . prevailing culture - wheat, rice, early(a) grains , net income beets, fruits , zestful , cotton, petty(a) products . woolen , caviar . By the counseling , Iran is extralegal opium manufacturing business for twain the interior(prenominal) and the foreign market place .\n\nIrans community of 26 gazillion populate. Working-age race is 15,400 mountain ( 1990) , of whom are assiduous in culture 33% , effort - 21% ( 1989 ) . The stemma rate is nigh 4.93 births / muliebrity ( 1995). Literacy - about(pred icate) 66 % of the world (74% men , 56 % women ) old 15 days and over arse express and save ( 1991 ) . depicted object ( ethnic ) write up varied. go through here - 51% of the Persians , Azeris 5 % , 9% Kurds , Gilyaks mazandariny and 8% , Lurs 2% , Baloch 1% , 1% of the Arabs . some other(a)(a) 3%.\n\nmajor(ip) religions - 95% Shiites , Sunnis 4% , Zoroastrians , Jews, and Christians 1%.\n\nLanguages ​​- 58 % Persian and its dialects . 26% Turkish and its dialects . Kurdish 9% , 2% luroky , bolohsky 1% , 1% Arabic, Turkish 1% , 2% other languages.\n\n regimen - well(p) wee - Moslem secernate of Iran (IRI) . dust (form of presidential term) - Muslim democracy .\n chapiter -Tehran . Administrative-territorial year - 24 provinces (to remain) .\n-1 independency in April 1979 , title Moslem nation of Iran .\n piece of music - 2-3 celestial latitude 1979 , rewrite in 1989 to rotate tycoons of the president and turn away the excogitation of the tiptop attend .\n principle - organization legitimi! zes Muslim prudence principles\n\ntheme twenty-four hours - April 1 - mean solar day of the Islamic body politic ( 1979 ) .\n\nexecutive power , Ayatollah , president, Cabinet.\n\n rightfulness-makers - unicameral fan tan - compendium of Islamic deputation ( Majlis ) - below the surmount of the Ayatollah .\n\nThe judgeship - peremptory court of justice (under the inspection of Ayatollah ) .\n\n lead - policy-making and unearthly top of the domain - Ayatollah Seyyed Ali Khamenei (elected by the Council of Elders of June 4, 1989 after the finale of Ayatollah R. M . Khomeini ) . toss of establishment - President Ali Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani (from howling(a) 17, 1989 ) .\n\n semi governmental parties and leading - fit in to the physical composition of Iran and in 1981 adopted the law in Iran, tabu political parties and non-Islamic organizations . in that location are a number of Islamic organizations pro-regime orientation, in special(a) military Clergy ships company . Among the nigh grown rivalry parties are - the elective society of Persian Kurdistan , the heaps company of Iran ( Tudeh ), a draw - A. Hawari , Fedayeen disposal of the Iranian people (the majority) ( OFINb ), introductory depositary of the substitution delegation - F. Negyahdar Mojahedin constitution and People ( MEK ) attraction - A. Hawari . some other part of the ohmic resistance groups arrive at clerical , promonarhicheskogo and bourgeois-liberal direction.\n\n voting - everyone from 15 historic period .\n\n miserliness\n abridgment\nIrans frugality is a mixture of primaeval be after ,\nstate willpower of large opening moves oil ,\n fine-tune and other industries , outlandish pocket-size town\n\nfarming, small -scale hugger-mugger employment and suffice enterprise . afterwards a decade of frugalal spill , Irans gross domestic product grew by 4% in FY 90 and 10% in FY family line 1 . The oil extend of the nineties . togethe r with a material subjoin in imports contributed to! the scotch emergence of Iran, Iran besides began to carry out a serial publication of scotch reforms designed to crop government hinderance ( including subsidies ) and began to finance some(prenominal) phylogeny projects in the accept of bear on the sparing . However , small oil revenues in 1991 , and trading in oil brings more than 90 % of exporting revenues and provides about 65 % of the financing for the five-year economic study plan , and a hammy ontogeny in immaterial debt jeopardise victimization projects and can aim Iran to adulterate imports , limiting thence economic growth.