Energy Summary Essay Example for Free

Energy Summary EssayThere atomic number 18 many brawniness outsets that bugger off been described in the recent past as beingness clean but the truth is that no power source is clean as many claim. The variation of the nada sources is in their advantages and disadvantages (raven, 2010). Whereas the disadvantages of energy source implicate cost, hazard potential and environmental damage, the advantages include energy safety, availability, versatility and density. Examples of energy sources include fossil fuels, solar energy, nuclear, hydropower and hydrogen fuel among others. Fossil fuels according to Raven (2009, p. 233) which is defined as Combustible deposits in the Earths crust, composed of the remnants (fossil) of prehistoric organisms that existed millions of years ago, comprise of innate(p) gas, petroleum ( oil) and coal. Of the all the energy sources used in the North America 80% is fossil fuels namely oil natural gas and coal. The energy source is nonrenewable in special supply which is depleted by use. The natural processes responsible for the formation of fossil fuels be still in progress but it takes million of years to become substantial quantity of the energy which do not keep pace with its use.In addition the fossil fuel is just now found in ii continents South America and Africa and it be only a few countries in the continents which have the fossil fuel resources. Due to the fact that most of the fossil fuels are found in developing countries, there is lack of capital to extract the resources. Hence there is need to switch to other forms of energy to provide the demand energy that has been on rise. Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel worldwide and it is found mainly in Russia, India, United States, South Africa, Germany, Australia and China which are on the northern hemisphere (Raven, 2010).The mining of coal has in force(p) environmental impact on the environment. Environmental impact associated with the mining of coal inc lude swelled open trenches and pits exposed high cliffs of rocks toxic and acid drainage pollution of water bodies as well as soil erosion. Such impacts pose weighty risk to human and biodiversity lives as they can lead to landslide, intoxication, habitat destruction among others. Burning of coal also affects the water and air quality which leads to sooty fallout, oceanic acidification and climate change.Burning of coal which contains mercury releases the substance into the atmosphere and then to water and land thereby harm both man and wildlife. Oil and natural gas which has increasingly become important since 1930s provides about 70% of the worlds energy. It is more preferable than coal because it is cleaner, more versatile and easier to raptus than coal. The environmental problems associated with the natural gas and oil is with regard to their combustion, production and transportation.Combustion of the fossil fuels emits carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which insulates the planet which prevents radiation of the heat back into the space hence global warming. Their transportation has also led to oil spill which affected economies of the many regions. The spill like the recent Gulf coast oil spill also threatens wildlife (Raven, 2010). Nuclear is another source of energy that produces 100000 times more energy per atom in nuclear reaction, than the energy easy in a chemical bond between two atoms. The energy is mainly derived from uranium which is a non renewable source.Nuclear energy does not depend impact on the environment as other energy sources do but it generates radioactive waste like spent fuel (Raven, 2010). Other wastes include gases in the reactor and radioactive coolant fluids. The radioactive wastes and the spent fuel are dangerous because they are highly radioactive there by posing serious heal and environmental risks to man and the environment in general. Proper storage and measures of disposal are rattling fundamental to reduce such da ngers. Nuclear energy also contributes to environmental pollution indirectly (Raven, 2010).From the time uranium is mined, processed and disposed, good quantity of both diesel and gasoline is used which contribute back up the environment directly. Some wastes which result from nuclear reactions like strontium-90, krypton-85 and cesium-137 have half-life of between 30 to 90 years and will take between ccc to 600 years before they decay to a level where they are safe. On the other hand there are high-level radioactive liquid wastes which are unstable and not easy to monitor thereby making them very dangerous. Such wastes are first converted to solid state before being stored (Raven, 2010).Nuclear and utility executives have come up with a plan to promote nuclear energy and to put in place a scheme that will address the economic and safety issues associated with nuclear power. This includes a plan to build nuclear reactors that will be 10 times safer than the ones currently in use. Th ere other energy sources which are renewable and they include solar energy, biomass energy, wind energy, hydropower, geothermal energy and tidal energy. Solar energy is derived from the sun and is unendingly available as opposed to other energy sources like uranium deposits, oil and coal which are found some particular areas (Raven, 2010).We can only run short of the solar energy when the nuclear fire of the sun burns out. Solar energy is derived when the suns energy is absorbed by collection device such as a plate of black metal or a panel. The unique property of the sun light, whereby it passes through out-and-out(a) objects but once it hits an object it releases invisible waves of heat called infrared radiation which cannot penetrate glass, allows solar energy to heat water bodies, building and other objects. Systems have been developed and used in the industrial and building processes where solar energy is concentrated to heat liquids.Direct solar energy has been used to gener ate electrical energy by use of photovoltaic solar cells which produce electricity to the tune of 13000 MW globally. In other places well structured systems are used to generate solar thermal electric generation electricity. Energy is also derived from the sun indirectly for instance, burning of the biomass which includes organic matter like wood releases energy stored in plants during photosynthesis (Raven, 2010). veer energy got from the wind by the use of wind turbines or windmills to generate electricity or mechanical energy is also a type of renewable energy.Streams and rivers are also dammed in order to generate hydroelectricity. The energy exists in the water because it is the energy from the sun that drives the hydrological cycles. Biomass as a source of energy is very important because it lowers the rate at which we depend on the fossil fuel and since the energy is also derived from wastes it reduces the problem of waste disposal (Raven, 2010). However, when the balance sh ift from intellectual nourishment production to biomass energy production, then the food prices is likely to go up which is disadvantageous.Other sources of renewable energy are tidal energy and geothermal energy derived from changes in water level and naturally occurring heat respectively. In conclusion, the requirement of energy increases day by day therefore effort need to be put in energy conservation and development of technologies of alternative energy sources which requires less energy. It should also be the responsibility of every person and every home base to economically use the available energy sources responsible so as to enhance energy savings (Light, 2003).References Light, A. (2003). Environmental Ethics An Anthology, 1e. Retrieved 19 May 2010 from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/ cloy/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=871324e1-b1c6-4d2d-85d0-de1f7aaf570eassetDataId=d5e53d69-8288-4946-9a9b-69a18044be6a Raven, P. (2010). Environment 7e. Retrieved 19 May 2010 from https//ecampus. phoenix. edu/content/eBookLibrary2/content/DownloadList. aspx? assetMetaId=568808a6-a4f4-4b79-ac9c-845c0188b75aassetDataId=68c16029-cca8-4bdd-8119-68f43458e29e

Absolute Time Essay Example for Free

Absolute Time Essay instruction manual (Q 7-Q 16) shoot the undermenti mavind passage c arfully and answer the questions give infra it. Life is non just party and pleasure it is also pain and despair. Unthinkable things happen. Sometimes everything turns up grimace down. Bad things happen to good people. Some things argon beyond control, such as physical disability and birth defects. We earth-closetnot choose our p arnts or the circumstances of our birth. So if the ball bounced that way, sorry. provided what do we do from hither watchword or take the ball and run? That is a choice we ware to make. On a clear day, there are hundreds of boats sailing in all different directions in a lake.How pursue? Even though the wind is blowing in adept direction, the sailboats are going in different directions. What is the deviation? It dep hold backs on the way the sail is set, and that is determined by the sailor. The similar is true of our lives. We exclusivelytockst choose t he direction of the wind, precisely we can choose how we set the sail. We can choose our attitude even though we cannot always choose our circumstances. The choice is any(prenominal) to act alike(p) a victor or a victim. It is not our position but our disposition that determines our destiny. It takes both rain and sunshine to create a rainbow. Our lives are no different.There is happiness and sorrow. There is the good and the great(p) dark and bright agnises. If we can handle adversity, it only strengthens us. We cannot control all the events that happen in our lives, but we can control how we deal with them. Richard Blechnyden wanted to call forth Indian tea at the St. Louis World fair in 1904. It was very hot and no virtuoso wanted to sample his tea. Blechnyden saw that all the some another(prenominal) iced drinks were doing flourishing business. It dawned on him to make his tea into an iced drink, mix in sugar and sell it. He did and people loved it. That was the introd uction of iced tea to the world.When things go wrong, as they sometimes will, we can react responsibly or resentfully. Human beings are not like an action which has no choice. An action cannot decide whether to force a giant tree or to become food for the squirrels. Human beings have choices. If nature gives us a lemon, we have a choice either cry or make lemonade. 7. We cannot choose our parents or the circumstances of our birth by this statement what does the author mean? (a) Some things do not take home plate according to our choice (b) There are certain things in which we do not have any r separately (c) Some things in this world are pre-determined.(d) All of the supra Ans. (d) 8. By what the author tells us that choice is ours? (a) We can cry (b) We can take the ball and run away (c) We can either cry or can take the ball and run away (d) no(prenominal) of the to a higher place Ans. (c) 9. The opposite of the word victor? (a) Loser (b) Winner (c) victim (d) Warrior Ans. (a) 10. What determines our destiny? (a) The way that we normally think and behave, that shows what type of person we are (d) The position we hold (c) Our being a winner (d) All of the above Ans. (a) 11. The outflank title for the above passage could be (a) Right Choice (b) Pre-determination.(c) Choices defines our lives (d) Life is all about making the right choices Ans. (d) 12. According to the author, what still can be chosen if not everything in life? (a) Circumstances (b) Attitude (c) direction of life (d) no(prenominal) of these Ans. (b) 13. On what has the author emphasized? (a) Destiny (b) Choice (c) perform (d) All of these Ans. (b) 14. By the example of Blechnydens Iced Tea which message does the author give? (a) Choice is ours (b) Destiny is pre-determined (c) We have fix actions we can not do beyond that (d) None of the above Ans. (a) 15. What does actually strengthen us?(a) Making choices (b) Handling adversity (c) Determining destiny (d) Working beyond capacity Ans . (b) 16. The equivalent word of flourishing is (a) Spoiling (b) Drowning (c) Booming (d) Hiding Ans. (c) 17. During a 5-day festival, the payoff of visitors tripled each day. If the festival opened on a Thursday with 345 visitors, what was the attendance on that sunshine? (a) 345 (b)1,035 (c)1,725 (d) 9,315 Ans. (d) 18. Which of the following has the least value? (a) 0. 27 (b) 1/4 (c) 3/8 (d) 11% Ans. (d) 19. Which year did the uniform number of boys and girls attend the conference? (a) 1995 (b) 1996 (c) 1997.(d) 1998 Ans. (a) 20. Which cardinal days did the least number of boys attend the convention? (a) 1995 and 1996 (b) 1995 and 1998 (c) 1996 and 1997 (d) 1997 and 1994 Ans. (a) 21. Examine the following troika statements 1. Proceesed meat is a perishable food 2. All perishable foods are packed in sealed tins 3. Sealed tins sometimes to do not contains processed meat Which one of the following inferences can be drawn from the above statements? (a) Sealed tins always cont ain perishable food (b) Processed meat is sometimes not packed in sealed tins (c) Proceessed meat is always packed in seald tins.(d) Non-Perishable foods are never packed in seald tins Ans. (c) 22. Production of Rice and Wheat (In millions of Tonnes) Year Rice Wheat Percentage of Wheat to Rice 1950-51 20. 58 6. 46 31. 4 1960-61 34. 58 11. 00 31. 8 1970-71 42. 22 23. 83 56. 4 1980-81 53. 63 36. 31 67. 7 1990-91 74. 29 55. 14 74. 2 1994-95 81. 81 65. 77 80. 4 1995-96 79. 62 62. 62 78. 6 The above table indicates the performance in India in strain and wheat intersection from 1950-51 to 1995-96. Which of the following conclusions arrived at from the above table would be valid? 1.Record production of rice as well as wheat has been in 1994-95 2. The ratio of wheat to rice production seems to have steadily increased over 16 long time 3. Wheat has not been popular among the Indian population before 1980. 4. India became self-sufficient in rice and wheat only after 1990. Select the correc t answer using the codes given below Codes (a) 1 and 2 (b) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (c) 3 and 4 (d) None Ans. (a) 23. A father go away a will of Rs. 35 lakhs between his two little girls aged 8. 5 and 16 such that they may substantiate equal amounts when each of them reach the age of 21 days.The original amount of Rs. 35 lakhs has been instructed to be invested at 10% p. a. simple interest. How much did the elder daughter get at the time of the will? (a) Rs. 17. 5 lakhs (b) Rs. 21 lakhs (c) Rs. 15 lakhs (d) Rs. 20 lakhs Ans. (b) 24. What will Rs. 1500 amount to in three years if it is invested in 20% p. a. compound interest, interest being compounded annually? (a) 2four hundred (b) 2592 (c) 2678 (d) 2540 Ans. (b) 25. What is the area of the largest tri tiptoe that can be fitted into a rectangle of length a? la units and width a? wa units? (a) lw/3 (b) (2lw)/3 (c) (3lw)/4.(d) (lw)/2 Ans. (d) 26. Which of the following is inCorrect? (a) An incentre is a point where the angle bi areas meet. ( b) The median of any side of a triangle bisects the side at right angle. (c) The point at which the three altitudes of a triangle meet is the orthocentre (d) The point at which the three perpendicular bisectors meet is the centre of the circumcircle. Ans. (b) 27. How extensive will it take for a sum of money to grow from Rs. 1250 to Rs. 10,000, if it is invested at 12. 5% p. a simple interest? (a) 8 years (b) 64 years (c) 72 years (d) 56 years Ans. (d) 28. Rs.5887 is divided between Shyam and Ram, such that Shyamas share at the end of 9 years is equal to Ramas share at the end of 11 years, compounded annually at the rate of 5%. Find the share of Shyam. (a) 2088 (b) 2000 (c) 3087 (d) None of these Ans. (c) Directions (Q 28-Q 32) Study the following culture carefully to answer these questions. Eight members A, B, C, 0, E, F, G and H belonging to three families X, Y, Z go for weekend outing in three different cars I, II, III. intravenous feeding out of the eight members are females . Members of any one family expedition in different cars.Each car has at least one male and one female member. Each family has at least two members. A belongs to family Y and he travels in car III. D is wife of E and they travel in cars I and II respectively. H is son of B, who is wife ofG, and they belong to family Z. C is daughter of F, who is wife of A. C travels in car II. G does not travel with F. 29. Which of the following assorts of persons travels in car I? (a) 0, F,G (b) D,E,G (c) D,G, H (d) D, F, H Ans. (d) 30. Which of the following members of families Y and Z travel in different cars? (a) F,G (b) C,G (c) F,H (d) None of these.Ans. (a) 31. Which of the following groups of persons is a group of all females? (a) B,D,G (b) A,B,C (c) B,E,F (d) None of these Ans. (d) 32. Which of the following members of families X and Y travel in the same car? (a) C,F (b) D,F (c) C,0 (d) F, E Ans. (b) 33. When a student weighing 45 kgs left a house, the average pack of the remaining 59 st udents increased by 200g. What is the average free weight of the remaining 59 students? (a) 57 kgs (b) 56. 8 kgs (c) 58. 2 kgs (d) 52. 2 kgs Ans. (a) 34. Three math classes X, Y, and Z, take an algebra test. The average score in class X is 83.The average score in class Y is 76. The average score in class Z is 85. The average score of all students in classes X and Y together is 79. The average score of all students in classes Y and Z together is 81. What is the average for all the three classes? (a) 81 (b) 81. 5 (c) 82 (d) 84. 5 Ans. (b) 35. The average of 5 quantities is 10 and the average of 3 of them is 9. What is the average of the remaining 2? (a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 11. 5 (d) 12. 5 Ans. (c) 36. A stairway 10ft high is such that each step accounts for half a foot upward and one-foot forward. What distance will an ant travel if it starts from ground level to reach the top of the stairway? (a) 30 ft (b) 33 ft (c) 10 ft (d) 29 ft Ans. (d) 37.Each interior angle of a stiff polygon is 12 0 degrees greater than each exterior angle. How galore(postnominal) sides are there in the polygon? (a) 6 (b) 8 (c)12 (d) 3 Ans. (c) 38. A and B are two points with the co-ordinates (-2, 0) and (0, 5). What is the length of the diagonal AC if AB form one of the sides of the settle ABCD? (a) units (b) units (c) units (d) units Ans. (b) 39. The average weight of a class of 24 students is 36 years. When the weight of the teacher is also included, the average weight increases by 1kg.What is the weight of the teacher? (a) 60 kgs (b) 61 kgs (c) 37 kgs (d) None of these Ans. (b) 40. The average of 5 quantities is 10 and the average of 3 of them is 9. What is the average of the remaining 2? (a) 11 (b) 12 (c) 11. 5 (d) 12. 5 Ans. (c) Instruction (Q. 40-Q 43) Four question given below are based on the following information. Answer the questions after nurture the information carefully. (i) Nine friends A, B,C, D, E, F, G, H, and I are sit down on a bench in the classroom. (ii) C who is at immediate right of D is triad to the right of E. (iii) B is at one end.(iv) H is nearest neighbour of F and G (v) F is third to the left of B (vi) A is at immediate left of F 41. Which of the following statement is correct on the basis of above order of sitting? (a) D and H form three people sitting between them. (b) B is fourth to the right of F. (c) I is at immediate left of A. (d) E and C are Neighbours. Ans. (a) 42. Which of the following groups of friends is sitting at the left of C? (a) BIG (b) AFH (c) EID (d) BAG Ans. (c) 43. Which of the following is at the other end i. e. other that that end on which B is sitting? (a) G (b) H (c) I (d) E Ans.(d) 44. Who is sitting exactly in the middle of the bench? (a) H (b) C (c) A (d) G Ans. (c) 45. A 400 meter long train crosses and 800 meter long platform in 1 min 20 sec. What is the speed of the train? (a) 48 km/hr (b) 60 km/hr (c) 72 km/hr (d) 54 km/hr Ans. (d) 46. If the root of equation px2 + qx +r = 0 is double of the other root , which one the following is correct? (a) 2 q2 = 9 pr (b) 2 q2 = 9 (c) 4 q2 = 9 r (d) 9 q2 = 2 pr Ans. (a) 47. A takes 4 days and B takes 5 days to finish a job. If both of them work together on the same job, what proportion of the work is through by A? (a) 4/9 (b) 5/9 (c) 6/9.(d) 7/9 Ans. (b) 48. The 3rd term of a Geometric progression is 36 and its 6th term is 288. Its 8th term will be (a) 784 (b) 576 (c) 1152 (d) 2302 Ans. (c) 49. In a two digit number, the sum of the digits is 8. If 54 is subtracted from this number, its digits interchange themselves. What is the product of the digits of the number? (a) 7 (b) 12 (c) 16 (d) 0 Ans. (a) 50. The difference between simple interest and compound interest on certain amount for 2 years at the same rate of interest is Rs. 18. If the rate doubled, what will be the difference? (a) Rs. 9 (b) Rs. 36 (c) Rs. 72 (d) Rs. 27 Ans. (c) 51.A dog is buttoned to a pole by a long chain. Keeping the chain fully stretched, the dog moves along a circular path covering 132 m, subtends an angle of 90 degree at the centre, Neglecting the portion of the chain used in typing, find the length of the chain. (a) 70 m (b) 78 m (c) 84 m (d) 88 m Ans. (c) 52. A merchant buys same quantities of two types of toys one at the rate of 3 toys for Rs. 10 and the other, at the rate of 5 toys for Rs. 20. At what price he moldiness sell all the toys so that he has no profit and no loss in the transaction? (a) 8 toys for Rs. 30 (b) 3 toys for Rs. 11 (c) 5 toys for Rs. 18.(d) 8 toys for Rs. 22 Ans. (b) 53. Find the equation of a line whose intercepts are twice of the line 3x 2y 12 = 0 (a) 3x 2y = 24 (b) 2x 3y = 12 (c) 2x 3y = 24 (d) None of these Ans. (a) 54. The difference between the compound interest and the simple interest on a certain sum at 12% p. a. for two years is Rs. 90. What will be the value of the amount at the end of 3 years? (a) 9000 (b) 6250 (c) 8530. 80 (d) 8780. 80 Ans. (d) 55. Vijay invested Rs. 50,000 partly at 10% and partly at 15%. His total income after a year was Rs. 7000. How much did heinvest at the rate of 10%? (a) Rs. 40,000 (b) Rs. 40,000.(c) Rs. 12,000 (d) Rs. 20,000 Ans. (b) 56. The average weight of a class of 24 students is 36 years. When the weight of the teacher is also included, the average weight increases by 1kg. What is the weight of the teacher? (a) 60 kgs (b) 61 kgs (c) 37 kgs (d) None of these Ans. (b) Instructions for the following Question Read the following information to answer the question given below. The following conditions have been decided for the survival of the fittest of look Assistants. The candidate must (i) Be less than 35 years of age. (ii) Be graduate in Psychology, Education or Commerce or Postgraduate in any other subject.(iii) Secure 50% marks in entrance examination. (iv) Secure A or O grade in Interview. (v) Have passed a certificate demarcation in Methodology Research. (vi) Have recommendation of any one lecturer. If a candidate fulfills all the conditions, except (a) (i), but if he is registered for Ph. D. , his case is to be unbroken in waiting list. (b) (iii), but if he has secured 45% marks in entrance examination and O grade in interview, his case is to be referred to the Dean. (c) (v), but if he has qualified certificate course in Statistics, his case is to be referred to the Head Of Department.You have to decide in each of the following cases that what is the possibility of selection of the candidate? If the information is not sufficient to take any decision then your answer will be data inadequate. This information has been given to you as on 15. 12. 1996. 57. Raman has secured 60% marks in graduation with commerce subject. He has got specialization in certificate course in Methodology Research and he also has the recommendation from the lecturer under whom he is registered for Ph. D. His date of birth is 9. 12. 61. He has secured 68% marks in entrance examination and got A grade in interview.(a) Will not be selected. (b) Data inadequate (c) Will be selected. (d) Will be kept in waiting List. Ans. (d) 58. subject matter means x x means + and +If 80 40 + 20 = ? , then 40 ? 120 means (a) 80 (b) 120 (c) 60 (d) 0 Ans (d) 59. A businessman makes a profit of 20% on the sale of leather. If he were to add 10% artificial matter to the leather, by what percent would his profit increase? (a) 25% (b) 60% (c) 40% (d) 45% Ans. (b) 60. In a team, eight boys play Chess. The remaining boys, who represent 7 times the square root of the strength of the tem, play Mouth organ.What is the strength of the team? (a) 36 (b) 16 (c) 64 (d) 100 Ans. (c) 61. Cost price of 15 Computers is equal to the change price of 20 Computers, then the loss percent would be (a) 25% (b) 20% (c) 30% (d) 45% Ans. (a) 62. How many an(prenominal) another(prenominal) natural numbers between 1 and 900 are not multiples of any of the numbers 2, 3, or 5? (a) 240 (b) 250 (c) 270 (d) 300 Ans. (a) 63. The age of a man is three times the sum of the ages of his two sons. tailfin years hence, his age will be double of the sum of the ages of his sons. The fathers present age is (a) 40 years (b) 45 years (c) 50 years (d) 55 years.Ans. (b) Instruction (Q 62-Q 63) In the two questions given below, a statement followed by two origins I and II has been given. You have to decide which argument is strong and which one is weak? Give your answer as (a) If only argument I is strong (b) If only agreement II is strong (c) If incomplete argument I nor argument II is strong (d) If both argument I and argument II are strong. 64. Statement Should freelance work course of study be stopped at private companies? Argument I. Yes, the mutual interaction of the employee and office environment helps in overall quality of work. II.No, such demand comes from that group only who dont have any idea of work loads and pressure. Ans. (d) 65. Statement Should usage of pesticides in agriculture be banned in India? Agriculture be banned in India? Arguments I. Yes, because pesticides pollute the environment and are also harmful for the ecology. II. No, the safety of crops is not affirmable without these and food products will become very expensive due to lack of food production. Ans. (d) 66. If the numbers representing volume and sur depend area of a cube are equal, then the length of the frame of the cube in terms of the unit of timement will be (a) 3.(b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6 Ans. (d) 67. In a group of travelling in a bus, 6 persons can speak Tamil, 15 can speak Hindi and 6 can speak Gujrati. In that group none can speak any other language. If 2 persons in the group can speak two languages and one person can speak all the three languages, then how many persons are there in the group? (a) 21 (b) 22 (c) 23 (d) 24 Ans. (d) 68. A boat which has a speed of 5 km/hr in still water crosses a river of width 1 km along the shortest possible path in 15 minutes. The swiftness of the river water in km/hr is (a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) v41 Ans. (a) 69.When three coins are tossed together the probability that all coins have the same face up, is (a) 1/3 (b) 1/6 (c) 1/8 (d) 1/12 Ans. (c) Directions (Q 68-Q 72),Study the following arrangement carefully and answer the questions given below H93P$KE%4FR I emailprotected*N8VJ 70. If all the symbols and numbers are dropped from the above arrangement, which of the following will be the fourteenth from the right end? (a) M (b) K (c) W (d) E Ans. (d) 71. What should come in place of the question mark (? ) in the following series based on the above arrangement? _PK% RUW M5Q ? (a) N8.(b) N15 (c) 15*15 (d) 6*8 Ans. (a) 72. How many such numbers are there in the above arrangement each of which is immediately preceded by a letter and immediately followed by a symbol? (a) None (b) One (c) Two (d) Three Ans. (b) 73. Which of the following is the seventh-to the left of the twentieth from the left end of the above arrangement? (a) U (b)S (c)M (d)N Ans. (a) 74. How many such consonants are there in the abo ve arrangement each of which is immediately followed by a number but not immediately preceded by a number? (a) None (b) One (c) Two (d) More than three Ans.(d) 75. Left pan of faulty weighs 100gram more than is right pan. A shopkeeper keeps the weight measure in the left pan while buying goods but keeps it in the right pan while selling his goods. He uses only 1kg weight measure. If he sells his goods at the listed exist price, What is his gain? (a) 200/11% (b) 100/11% (c) 1000/9% (d) 200/9% Ans. (a) 76. Societies have been increasing in complexity from folk to industrial. to a lower place this circumstances, according to you social control is more likely to be invested in (a) family (b) school (c) state (d) religious structures Ans. (c).Instructions (Q 77-Q 86) Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. The big difference between the ideas of Aristotle and those of Galileo and newton is that Aristotle believed in a preferred state of rest, whi ch any bole would take up if it were not driven by some force or impulse. In particular, he thought that the earth was at rest. But it follows from Newtons laws that there is no unique standard of rest. One could equally well say that body A was at rest and body B was moving at constant speed with respect to body A, or that body B was at rest and body A was moving.For example, if one sets aside for a moment the rotation of the earth and its orbit round the sun, one could say that the earth was at rest and that a train on it was travelling north at ninety miles per hour or that the train was at rest and the earth was moving south at ninety miles per hour. If one carried out experiments with moving bodies on the train, all Newtons laws would still hold. For instance, playing Ping-pong on the train, one would find that the ball obeyed Newtons laws just like a ball on a table by the track. So there is no way to tell whether it is the train or the earth that is moving.The lack of an de spotic standard of rest meant that one could not determine whether two events that took place at different times occurred in the same position in space. For example, suppose our Ping-Pong ball on the train bounces straight up and down. Hitting the table twice on the same spot one second apart. To someone on the track, the two bounces would seem to take place about forty meters apart, because the train wood have traveled that distant down the track between the bounces. The nonexistence of living rest therefore meant that one could not give an event an absolute position in space, as Aristotle had believed.The position of events and the distance between them would be different far a person of the train and one on he track, and there would be no reason to prefer one persons position to the others. Newton was very worried by this lack of absolute position, or absolute space, as it was called, because it did not accord with his idea of an absolute God. In fact, he refused to accept lack of absolute space, even though it was implied by his laws. He was bad criticized for this irrational belief by many people, most notably by Bishop Berkeley, a philosopher who believed that all material objects and space and time are an illusion.When the famous Dr. Johnson was told of Brekeleys feeling, he cried, I refute it thus and stubbed his toe on a large stone. both(prenominal) Aristotle and Newton believed in absolute time. That is, they believed that one could unambiguously measure the interval of time between two events, and that this time would be the same whoever measured it, provided they used a good clock. Time was completely separate from and freelancer of space. This is what most people would take to be the commonsense view. However, we have had to change our ideas about space and time.Although our apparently commonsense nations work well when dealing with things like apples, or planets that travels comparatively slowly, they dont work at all things moving at or near the speed of light. 77. Consider the following statements 1. Newton is a firm beliver of both absolute time and a preferred state of rest 2. Aristotle believer in absolute time 3. Newton believes in absolute time 4. Galileo believes in a preferred state of rest (a) 1 Only (b) 1 2 (c) 2 3 (d) 1, 2, 3 4 Ans. (c) 78. According to the author, what is the need of space? 1. To set an absolute standard of rest 2. To determine rest and motion.3. To determiner whether two events taking place at the same time takes place in the same space also 4. To determine the defference between time and space (a) 1 2 (b) 1, 2 3 (c) 3 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 4 Ans. (c) 79. According to Aristotle- (a) Position of events and distances between them an different (b) Space is nonexistent (c) All nonexistent bodies have absolute rest (d) None of the above Ans. (a) 80. From the passage what can we infer? (a) There is no rest (b) There is rest (c) There is absolute rest (d) There is no absolute rest Ans. (d) 81 . What seems contradictory in Newtons laws? (a) Newtons concept of Absolute God.(b) Concept of Absolute space (c) Concept of rest (d) None of these Ans. (b) 82. Who discards material objects and space and time? (a) Newton (b) Aristotle (c) Barkeley (d) Galileo Ans. (c) 83. Consider the following statements according to the information provided in paragraph three? (a) On Barkeleys opinion, Dr. Johnson had no remarks (b) Dr. Johnson criticized Barkeley vehemently (c) Dr. Johnson recognised Barkeleys view (d) Dr. Johnson was indifferent Ans. (b) 84. The interval of time between two events can be measured unambiguously. -this implies- (a) Absolute space (b) Absolute time (c) Both Absolute time and absolute space (d).Neither absolute time non absolute space Ans. (b) 85. The term unambiguous means? (a) Clean and proper (b) staring(a) (c) Confusing or not difined (d) Well difined Ans. (c) 86. What does the author openion in the passage? (a) Time is completely separated and independent fro m space (b) Time and space and dependent (c) Time is dependent on space and not vice-versa (d) Space is dependment on time and vice-versa Ans. (a) 87. A sum of money invested for a certain number of years at 8% p. a. simple interest grows to Rs. 180. The same sum of money invested for the same number of years at 4% p. a.simple interest grows to Rs. 120 only.For how many years was the sum invested? (a) 25 years (b) 40 years (c) 33 years and 4 months (d) Cannot be determined Ans. (a) 88. How long will it take for a sum of money to grow from Rs. 1250 to Rs. 10,000, if it is invested at 12. 5% p. a simple interest? (a) 8 years (b) 64 years (c) 72 years (d) 56 years Ans. (d) 89. Rs. 5887 is divided between Shyam and Ram, such that Shyamas share at the end of 9 years is equal to Ramas share at the end of 11 years, compounded annually at the rate of 5%. Find the share of Shyam. (a) 2088 (b) 2000 (c) 3087 (d) None of these Ans.(c) 90. An equilateral triangular plate is to be cut in to n nu mber of identical small equilateral triangular plates. Which of the following can be possible value of n? (a) 196 (b) 216 (c) 256 (d) 296 Ans. (c) 91. Find the area of the sector covered by the hour hand after it has moved through 3 hours and the length of the hour hand is 7cm. (a) 1. 77 sq. cm (b) 2. 38. 5 sq. cm (c) 3. 35 sq. cm (d) 4. 70 sq. cm Ans. (b) 92. Left pan of faulty weighs 100gram more than is right pan. A shopkeeper keeps the weight measure in the left pan while buying goods but keeps it in the right pan while selling his goods.He uses only 1kg weight measure. If he sells his goods at the listed cost price, What is his gain? (a) 200/11% (b) 100/11% (c) 1000/9% (d) 200/9% Ans. (a) 93. Societies have been increasing in complexity from folk to industrial. Under this circumstances, according to you social control is more likely to be invested in (a) family (b) school (c) state (d) religious structures Ans. (c) 94. Each interior angle of a regular polygon is 120 degrees gr eater than each exterior angle. How many sides are there in the polygon? (a) 6 (b) 8 (c) 12 (d) 3 Ans. (c) 95.In the following question, the students clinical judgement is assessed A 28 year old woman with one child has taken anti-thyroid drugs for 6 months for thyrotoxicosis. She has a friend who has been successfully treated with radioiodine. She finds she frequently forgets to take her drugs and wants to stop them to have radio-iodine treatment. 1. She should be told that because of her age radio-iodine is best avoided. 2. The problems associated with radio-iodine should be discussed with her. 3. Surgery as a possible alternative should be discussed with her. 4. She should be advised that some form of further treatment is required. 5.You should find out more about her friends treatment. (a) 1 only (b) 2, 3 4 (c) 1 5 (d) 1, 2 3 Ans. (b) 96. In a certain store, the profit is 320% of the cost. If the cost increases by 25% but the selling price remains constant, approximately what percentage of the selling price is the profit? (a) 30% (b) 70% (c) 100% (d) 250% Ans. (b) Directions for the following questions from Question No 97 to Question No 100 The following passage in this section is followed by questions based on the content of the reading passage. Read the passage carefully and chose the best answer to each question below. But man is not destined to vanish.He can be killed, but he cannot be destruct, because his soulfulness is deathless and his spirit is irrepressible. Therefore, though the situation seems dark in the context of the confrontation between the superpowers, the silver lining is provided by amazing phenomenon that the very nations which have spent incalculable resources and energy for the production of deadly weapons are desperately trying to find out how they might never be used. They threaten each other, intimidate each other and go to the brink, but before the total hour arrives they withdraw from the brink. 97. What is the synonym of the word, confrontation?(a) Being face to face (b) Involving in a clash (c) Fair relationship (d) None of the above Ans (a) 98. What is the crux of the passage? (a) Mans soul and spirit can not be destroyed by superpowers. (b) Mans soul and spirit are immortal. (c)Mans safety is assured by the delicate balance of power in terms of nuclear weapons. (d) Human ordination will survive despite the serious threat of total annihilation. Ans (d) 99. The phrase Go to the brink in the passage means (a) Retreating from extreme danger. (b) confine war on each other. (c) Advancing to the stage of war but not engaging in it. (d) Commit suicide. Ans (c)100. What is the authors opinion? (a) Nations in possession of huge stockpiles of lethal weapons are trying hard to avoid actual conflict. (b) Huge stockpiles of destructive weapons have so far deliver mankind from a catastrophe. (c) Mankind is heading towards complete destruction.

Public School And Home School Education System: Malaysia

Public School And Home School Education System MalaysiaEducation is important without any doubt. Education form in Malaysia can be separate into natural unrestricted school and home school dodging. In 1957, the Razak Report indicated that Malay language is the main mediocre of instruction . (Kusuma et al. 2001, pg 6) The English and Chinese school which accepted the government proffer allow become normal public school. (Kusuma et al. 2001, pg 5)In nineteenth century, there were only norm families have the chance to home school. (A short history of home education ,2005)The term of public school is they do not need to pay for the breeding fee. (Definition of a school-content, 2010) Educate children instead of school is the definition of home school.(Ross, M 2008)The syllabus employ in normal public school is KBRSM ,while the syllabus used in home school is IGSE O-level and A-level.(Kusuma et al. 2001,pg 17 Tan,BC 2011)Nowadays, home schooling become more well hit the hayn , the debate about home school dampen or normal school better is being discussed vigorously .Different education system may produced different characteristic of students. Therefore, the aim of this investigation is to evaluate the normal public school system and home school system. habitual public school is producing better students than home schoolThe advantages of normal public school unmatchable of the main advantages of normal public is the student is able to live in community. Public school provide large amount of opportunity to students, from a majuscule deal of group project to team sports. (Advantages of Public schools, n.d.) According to the majority of survey respondents, public school students ar typically capable to live in community. There are ninety two percent of respondent indicated that students in normal public school are able to live in community, as shown in figure 1.(Personal survey 2011)Figure 1Other advantages are normal public school students gain a diverse social education.(Kusuma et al. 2001,pg 38) Normal public school provide variety of students that comesfrom different socioeconomic classes and background. Normal public school students hasthe chances to meet it and solving different point of view and gain people withvarious backgrounds and values. (Education Bug n.d.)In addition, there are wider extracurricular provided by the normal public school.Normal public school frequently offer a series of sports to a range of clubs and otheropportunity. Normal public school mostly have the facilities such as swimming pool orpurchase equipment ,such as laboratory equipment. Therefore, more curriculum areavailable in normal public school. (Education Bug n.d.)Moreover, student in normal public school is guarantee to have a teacher withteaching certificate. Public schools teacher is required to have a bachelors degree andmust pass in the Malaysian qualifications agencys exam (MQA). (Kusuma et al. 2001,pg67)The disadvantages of home schoolThe d rawback of home school is the additional financial burden. The textbooks are usually expensive, the parents need to pay a premium price for it.(Pros and Cons of Homeschooling, 2008) Besides that, the curriculum needed is costly .The parents are require to spent on case trips, computer software, and materials for project. (Disadvantages of Home Schooling, 2002)Another disadvantage of home school is the teachers or parents are not qualified to teach all the subject. The teachers or parents may not have a degree in education. Moreover, parents are oblige to dedicate and tolerant to their child. (Negative effects of homeschooling, 2008)Furthermore, home school students will have the problem in social interaction. Home school students are less chances to interact and socialize. (Pros and Cons of Homeschooling, 2008)Home school students are at a disadvantage, because they do not have the opportunities to have family with their peers. (Disadvantages of Home Schooling, 2002) Responses fr om the survey indicate that sixty four percent of respondent are agree that home school will produced the student which is poor in social development,as shown in figure 2.(Personal survey 2011)Figure 2Home school students4.0 ConclusionBased on this data, superstar could say that the normal public school system is producing better students compared to home school system. Students in normal public school is packing within a group setting, it give a stage to the students to have the diverse social interaction. Moreover, normal public school is provided varies of curricular activities for the student. However, normal public school could not provide one to one attention to all the students. They could not learn within their own level. Nevertheless, this is provided by home school system. Home school students is lack of social interaction and approximately parents may not qualified to teach the subject. This is the drawback of home school system. Therefore, normal public school system is still a better education system for producing a better students if the government could reduce the number of student in a class.AbstractThis investigation is discussed whether normal public school system or home school system is producing a better students. A variety of primary and secondary research were used including a survey, an internet parentage, book source to provide the evidence to support the conclusions. The major of findings indicate that the public school system is producing a better student. The public school students are able to learn within a group setting, and has diverse social interaction with peers. Moreover, there are varies of curricular activities provided in public school. The disadvantages of home school are usually more expensive and the parents may not qualified to teach the subject. It is also harder to provide social interaction. The benefit of home school is small to teacher balance and the students able to learn within their level. While the drawb ack of public school is high student to teacher ratio and scheduled learning. Quality of a student will be affected by the education system. A good education system will produce a better student. The report concludes that it is important for everyone to know the definition of home school and public school, the pros and cons of public school and home school.

Interpersonal Ethical Positions

Inter personalized Ethical PositionsThe social respectable positions include the nature of man approach, the nature of communion approach, intercourse as a social wince, talk as a relationship, communication as dialogue, and the ethic of c atomic number 18. Each of these has a basis in how to cherish others, how to handle specific situations, and how they interact with the other positions. I will be discussing their performance in a couple of cases, as well as how my of interpersonal ethos ties in with my captain ethics.First and foremost, Aristotles view of benevolent nature emphasizes the capacity for reason as a uniquely human attribute. This type of ethics stems from a rational and conscious person and what they do freely. This view argues that whatever affirms that nature is ethical and whatever subverts it is unethical. The issue with this view is that emotion is somewhat excluded from ethical consideration, and thereof does not properly reflect human nature. The hu man nature approach is extremely useful in figuring out what persuasive tactics are ethical and what arent. The human nature view influences how I treat others because it keeps me from viewing situations with my emotions at the forefront, it helps me view situations where I view throng rationally and realize they do indeed consciously contain decisions. I believe this application is situational, because it is not ever so proper to view others as rational beings, sometimes people make mistakes due to emotional sway, mental illness, etc.Another theory, the nature of communication approach focuses on the idea that facilitating the sharing of meaning is ethical and whatever subverts share meaning would be unethical. This type of communication puts forth the theory that unethical communication hampers shared meaning and mutual rationality. This works to correct situations such as lying, group think, coercion and persuasion, but overly tends to be overly simplistic. The nature of co mmunication view influences how I treat others because it reminds me that communication with others is about mutual understanding between communicators. It reminds me to be truthful and straightforward in my communication with others. I believe this application is universal because it is always important to have shared communication with others, and that unethical communication leads to skewed meaning and understanding.The social contract approach follows the premise that individuals come together because they are motivated by their own egocentrism and agree to measuring rods of conduct to form a social contract. This approach states that communication situations are implied social contracts with mutually presumed standards. This encompasses relationship ethics, managerial ethics, and the ethics of teamwork. Social contractarianism is a very useful structure for developing a professional ethos, especially for public relations practitioners. The social contract view influences how I treat others because it reminds me that people will sometimes follow their own self-interests before the interests of others, so it is best to find a middle ground to communicate on. I believe this application is situational because not all communication is based on people who are completely self-interested.The theory of communication as a relationship sets a standard that communication is the most important element in a relationship. It states that ethical communication is the most important element in maintaining relationships. The nature of the relationship itself determines the ethical parameters of the communication. In this view, ethical communication is one of honest and open exchange of information. This is important to professional roles and fulfillment of the responsibilities of professional relationships and is useful in communication professions. The communication as a relationship view influences how I treat others because it informs me about the c at a timept of rel ationships as a huge cleave of communication as a whole while remaining ethical. It allows me to openly communicate with others as I deem fit. I believe this application is universal because communication builds relationships both personal and professional and reminds us all to choose openness in our communication.Communication as dialogue sets communication as the true trouble for the welfare and fulfillment of others. It also emphasizes choice making in response to the demands of specific situations. It requires sensitivity to role responsibilities of such relationships as teacher-pupil, doctor-patient, etc. This highlights specific communication responsibilities which may be unclear in other situations because it requires everyone to be equally enabled to fully participate. The communication as dialogue view influences how I treat others because it sets forth the idea of concern for the welfare of other instead of just the idea of self-fulfillment, while also setting preceden ts for various types of communication relationships with full engagement. I believe this application is once again situational, because people are sometimes more concerned with themselves than others, though it does provide situational clarity.The ethics of caring stems from feminist ethics but separates itself from feminism in a few ways. Generally, the ethics of rush rejects oppression, questions rationality over emotion, of detachment over engagement, of the public sphere over the private sphere, and of individuals over relationships. The ethic of care goes against the dispassionate approaches and has relevance to all types of communication ethics, especially interpersonal ethics. The ethics of caring view influences how I treat others because it truly excels in denying oppression, and covers communication as a bilateral process as opposed to a unilateral process, and is especially relevant for interpersonal relationships. I believe this application is universal because we shoul d always strive to create caring communication both personally and professionally.As I am including more than one position, I will discuss how the human nature view, social contract view, and dialogue view interact. The human nature view reminds us to uphold the importance of human reason to ethics, and the social contract and dialogue view can be merged to remind us that there is always self-interest as well as concern for others mingled into communication ethics.From my own experience, I ring that after my father passed I became so close to my therapist as a child that I often considered her part of my family, and communicated with her as such. She had lost a parent as well and we were both able to openly communicate about our experiences. I believe that I utilise the communication as a relationship view because I was comfortable enough with my therapist to communicate honestly with her. The outcome of using this ethic was a professional relationship of mutual respect and concer n. Another experience for me was trying to befriend someone who lived in a higher socioeconomic status than I did. She was kind but didnt want to be friends because it would look odd to her other affluent friends. After hanging out a few times, she came to realize that it didnt proposition what others thought, or what the norm was, and we have been best friends ever since. I believe in this case I used the ethics of caring view in cementing my friendship because we were both able to look past societal norms. Luckily, the outcome of this is a lifelong friendship with a very genuine person.The implications of my interpersonal ethos for your professional ethics is that I am much more likely to follow a code which is universal, inclusive of others, and concerned with the emotions and connections involved in communicating with others. some(prenominal) of my ethos relate to my personal goals because I wish to be able to passionately present my viewpoints and information in communication , but I must also remember not to rely solely on emotion in my professional career there is a time for emotion but there is also time for pure logic.

ESL Writing Achievement and Grades

ESL Writing Achievement and GradesSTUDENTS ATTITUDES TOWARD WRITING ESL STUDENTS PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS PEER RESPONSEGraham, Berninger, and Fan (2007) punctuate that attitude is an effective component of motivation. Concerning (Second Language Acquisition (SLA), Cook (1993) elaborated on the Affective Filter Hypothesis proposed by Krashens 1982 theory of indorse language acquisition. Cook (1993) stated that Krashen theorized that motivation is an essential variable that has a facilitative, affective federal agency in L2 (second language) learning. Cook (1993) explained that Krashen claimed that Language learners who are highly motivate are more(prenominal)(prenominal) inclined to acquire the target language. Unmotivated learners who are highly anxious on the other hand, usually have difficulty reason the target language because of a high affective filter which results in a mental block that hinders comprehensible input from be acquired.The question hither is how about coadjutor look intoers affective state? More critically, and in direct semblance with (ESL) constitution, Anderman and Wolters (2006) indicated that the affective states may influence the different types of strategies which are utilized by scholarly persons while physical composition (as cited in Graham et al., 2007). Along similar lines, Isen (1990) stipulated that students with negative affect tend to use obsolete and dead-end typography strategies whereas students who are characterized by an affirmative and more encouraging attitude towards report tend to get engaged in more flexible and adaptive self-regulated strategies which help them be cognitively engaged to the writing task (as cited in Graham et al., 2007).According to Graham, Berninger, and Fan (2007) the sole researcher who investigated students attitude towards writing in a systematic demeanor during the 90s was Knudson (1992, 1993, 1995) whose main area of focus was elementary age children. Kear, Coffman, McKenna, and Am brosio (2000) found out that childrens attitude toward writing actually worsens as they move to upper directs. selfsame(prenominal) results were describe in earlier research done by Knudson (1991, 1992, 1993) who in addition found out that older students tend to have less positive attitudes towards writing that younger ones (as cited in Kear et al., 2000). Therefore, Knudson (1995) insisted that since research indicates that writing anxiety and apprehension have a negative effect on students success in school, practitioners should be more involves in research that has to do with writers attitudes towards writing and how it evolved in school environment. Knudson (1995) also emphasized that educators should be knowledgeable about their students understanding of the writing tasks so that they would be better able to assess their students engagement, involvement, and interest. Knudson (1995) conducted a field study which examined how writing attitude and achievement are correlated i n addition to the correlational relationship amongst writing attitude and grade level in addition to gender. The participants were 430 students enrolled in an elementary school in the USA / side of meat language autochthonal speakers who came from either low or lower socio-economic status. The researcher administered a questionnaire for each student grade level. Hence, students in grades (1-3) responded to the writing Attitude Survey for Primary grade students whereas older students in grades (4-8) responded to the Writing Attitude Survey for Children. It must further be say that the aforementioned attitude get overs were both developed by the researcher. In addition to the questionnaires, students were asked to respond to a given prompt. Each essay written by students was read and graded by two raters who had achieved acceptable terms of inter- rater reliability. Knudson (1995) triangulated her data collection procedures by randomly selecting 12 students from all grade levels and interviewed them to elaborate on their answers they have given in the writing attitude survey . The children were also interviewed to elaborate on their beliefs towards the writing tasks done at school and how they were directly related to their achievement as headspring as to explain how they perceived writing to be important. The interview contained 10 open ended questions which provided the researcher more insights about students understanding of writing tasks and activities at different grade levels as well as more explanations on students solutions given in the questionnaires administered earlier.Results indicated that writing achievement was directly related to students grade level as well as their perceptions and attitudes towards writing. Hence, Knudson (1995) reported that students who have positive attitudes towards writing regardless of age and gender tend to be better writers. On the other hand, concerning grade level and gender and their relation to writing achie vement, the researcher also reported that older students and females in event have a better inclination towards becoming proficient writers that younger writers and males in particular. What is interesting is that Knudson (1995) claimed that the questionnaires and interviews she conducted also mea trued how students attitudes towards writing changes as a result of specific writing strategies they learner in class. Hence, students in grade 4 for physical exercise were able to verbalize the process strategies they used in writing such as planning, organizing, and goal setting. So, the researcher concluded that the process writing get down became more prevalent in writing instruction where students engage in prewriting activities and this strategy was verbalized by the participants as planning the entire composition, drafting which was easy by the interviewed students as thinking what to include and leave out, in addition to revising which was verbalized by Knudsons participants as being sure they stayed on topic (Knudson, 1995, p. 94). These results are consistent with what Knudson (1991) suggested when she was in the process of developing her writing attitude scales back then. Hence, she recommended that it is useful for researchers, program evaluators, and researchers to assess childrens attitudes towards writing and the effect of instruction on their attitudes, including treatment, grade, and times of measurement (Knudson, 1991, p. 814). Of direct relevancy, Graham, Berninger, and Fan, (2007) investigated one aspect of motivation specifically, attitudes of young, beginning writers. The participants were 128 first grade level students (70 females and 58 males) and 113 triad grade level students (57 females and 56 males) who were English language native speakers. The educational level of the parents was used as a socioeconomic status as well. The participants writing proficiency was average ranged.To begin with, each student wrote a composition and three m easurements were conducted for each written composition. The first measure aimed at assessing the sophistication of mental lexicon use by students. Therefore, two scorers counted 7- letters or more vocabulary give-and-takes and transformed into portions (based on TOWL-2). The second measure was the average length of the amend word ecological succession. The average length was measured by obtaining the average length and correct word sequences that occurred in sequence before an incorrect word sequence occurred (Graham, Berninger, and Fan, 2007, p. 525). Two scorers revised and discussed the rules for obtaining a correct word sequence and inter-rater reliability coefficient was 0.85.The overall quality of written essays was calculated by the third measure which was a holistic rating scale based on (Cooper 1977) . The papers were scored on a 7-point Likert scale, 1 being the lowest quality of writing and 7 being the highest by two former elementary grade school teachers (inter-rate r reliability coefficient was 0.93).As for students attitude towards writing, students had to cater to seven questions which measured their attitudes toward writing. The researchers used the Garfield the cat scale developed by McKenna et al. (1995). Hence, students chose images ranging from the image of a very happy Garfield the cat (score of 4) and ending up with a score of 1 that is the very unhappy or sad Garfield. Later on, structural equality modeling (SEM) speak toes based on (Bollen, 1989, and Kline, 1998) were used to identify the structural relationship between attitude and achievement. It should be noted that in addition to examining the structural relationship between attitude and achievement, the researchers examined age going aways (younger / older) and gender differences (male/ female). Results indicated that writing attitude does influence writing achievement because the relationship between them was found to be statistically significant. Moreover, girls were found to have more positive attitudes toward writing and therefore favored writing more than boys did. However, no statistical difference was reported concerning the writing achievement variable.Interestingly enough, Musgrove (1999) conducted a different kind of study concerning students attitudes toward writing. The researcher had her students write self-evaluative narratives that reflect how writing attitudes are usually molded by how successful students writing experiences are. The participants were English majors prospective secondary teachers and college students registered in a first-year writing class. At the beginning of the term, Musgrove (1998) identified for her students what is meant by attitude ones predispositions toward particular tasks, ideas, or people and provided them with lexical terms of attitude. Then, in a series of mini-lessons, she provided her students with literary works which demonstrated particular attitudes (positive and negative critical attitudes) which wer e discussed by students.The researcher then asked students to track down how their attitudes towards writing developed by keeping records and compiling portfolios. Musgrove (1999) announced that the portfolios included a resume, an initial attitudinal survey, learning goals, personal grammar and usage handbook, in class writing, homework assignments, essays, and portfolio self-evaluations written at midterm and end of semester (p. 5).Musgrove (1998) concluded that drawing students attention to their attitudes gave them the probability to examine how their beliefs and what they bring to their writing definitely affects their writing achievement. Moreover, the self-evaluations written by students helped them connect to their backgrounds as writers because their writing background actually directly affects their attitudes towards writing.However, Katstra, Tollefson, and Gilberts (1987) study was the only study to my knowledge, that examined the effect of comrade response on students attitudes toward writing. To elaborate, the study was conducted to investigate whether peer response in a process approach to writing environment could yield to positive attitudes towards writing along increased fluency. The participants were ninth grade native speakers in the USA who registered in seven English classes which were taught by three teachers. The subjects were randomly assigned to experimental and control hosts in such a way that each teacher had a control group and an experimental group to teach. Both the control groups and the experimental groups responded to two attitude instruments before treatment. Then, both groups wrote the first draft of a personal narrative. The first drafts word rate was tallied and recorded as a pretest measure for fluency in writing. The treatment was introduced over a period of four days. First, the experimental group explicitly received training in peer response and participants rewrote their second drafts according to comments suggest ed by the peers in each response group. The students in the control group on the other hand, wrote their second drafts based on encourageance offered by the teacher due to specific questions asked by students in the control group. The two groups then counted the number of words they had written in their second drafts and this became the post-test measure of writing fluency. Finally, the two attitude instruments which were administered to both groups as pertest were administered again as post-tests measures. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was administered in outrank to measure the three way interaction between the independent variables which were (1) teachers (three levels) (2) gender of students (3) and treatment condition. Results indicated an increased positive attitude towards writing on behalf of the experimental group. However, no significant differences were noticed in post-test writing fluency. Therefore, peer evaluation does not affect students writing fluency.Some studi es tackling the affective benefits of peer response examined students perceptions toward peer feedback. Chong (2010) examined student teachers perceptions and attitudes toward peer response and the likelihood to how they are willing to use the aforementioned approach in L2 writing classes. Results indicated that student teachers did not favor the usage of peer response in their classes due to external reasons such as class size, time restrictions, authority control, as well as internal factors such as inability to see the benefits of peer response, insufficient experience or training in using this technique (p. 58).As for the affective factor of peer feedback of ESL university students, Zhang (1995) make it clear the majority of his 81 ESL students (75%) who were enrolled at a university in USA actually favored feedback provided by teachers as opposed to feedback provided by peers.. The findings coincide with Nelson and Carson (1998) whose ESL college students express their tendenc y to favor teachers feedback rather than their peers feedback. Moreover, cultural differences were perceived to negatively affect peer response as some of the participants goal in peer review sessions particularly Chinese students was mainly maintaining good harmony by refraining from providing their pees with critical peer response. However, another study actually contradicted Nelson and Carsons (1998) findings concerning the Chinese groups perception of peer response. Hence, Roskams (1999) who examined Chinese EFL learners perceptions toward peer response. The university bound Chinese students actually reported their openness to engage in peer response and expressed that this approach could be beneficial to their ESL language learning. Hence, participants generally perceived peer feedback as useful. However, only 5 % of participants did not enjoy the collaborative learning arrangement.Therefore, many studies revealed counterpoint results which reported inconsistency in findings w hich reflected that peer response is problematic due to students cultural schemata, their ability to review their peers work and their attitudes towards peer response. However, Hu (2005) indicates that these problems are not inbred in peer response as research literature suggests that carefully designed training in peer response can help assist L2 writing students as well as their teachers gain understanding of the benefits of peer response (Berg, 1999 Min, 2006 Ting and Qian 2010).THE ROLE OF THE COMPUTER IN CONVEYING MEDIATED FEEDBACKThe role of computers in conveying mediating feedback in L2 (second langue) settings has become central for research concerned with technology-enhanced peer response lately. However, the results on the effects of integrating computer-mediated communication (CMC) into peer response have been conflicting, mixed, and even inconsistent (Schultz, 2000 Hu, 2005 Liu and Sadler, 2003 Tuzi, 2004 DiGiovanni and Nagaswami, 2001). Hence, many researchers (Braine , 1997 Leh, 1999 Biesenbach-Lucas and Weasenforth, 2001 Liu and Sadler, 2003) have expressed concerns about using computer-mediated communication as a substitute for the personal venue of peer response, especially that its ultimate benefits for ESL learners have not been yet established fully by researchers. However, consensus have been researched among researchers that CMC-based peer response should be seriously blended with face-to-face communication in the peer response process (Schultz, 2000 Hu, 2005 Liu and Sadler, 2003 Tuzi, 2004 DiGiovanni and Nagaswami, 2001).

Who is John F McLennan? :: Essays Papers

Who is John F McLennan?John Ferguson McLennan was born on October 14, 1827. Although his life centered on a legal career he always had the desire to enter the academic world. McLennan studied police force in Edinburgh, Scotland. He practiced under the economical bar until 1870. However, he was non a successful advocate of this profession because instead of studying and supporting the law he chose to argue over its conventions. This is shown by the fact that in 1868, he became the secretary of the Scottish Society for the amendment of the Law (Rivire). Primitive Marriage was published in 1865 and according to J.B. Tylor was a type of law book that had the natural and immediate effect of losing him half his briefs (Rivire). McLennans dissatisfaction for his chosen profession prompted him to apply for a professorship at Cambridge. His interest did not stop there and McLennan continued to interacted with those in the science community. His house became an informal meeting place of th e academic community that discussed literary and scientific findings. Interestingly complete McLennan was not apart of the Ethnological Society of London which included notable figures of the time including Sir John Lubbock and E.B. Tylor. The main objective of the society was to inquire into the distinguishing characteristics, physical and moral, of the varieties of mankind which inhabit or have inhabited the Earth and to ascertain the causes of such characteristics (Burrows, 122). McLennans feud with Lewis Henry Morgan became a topic of controversy in the nineteenth century. They meet in London in 1871 and initially became quite good friends. In fact Morgan knew of McLennans desire to enter the academic world and wrote to chairperson of White of Cornell University encouraging him to give McLennan an academic appointment. Their relationship took a turn because of their disagreement over the validity of their respective evolutionary frameworks, the nature of relationship terminol ogies, and the accredited meaning of exogamy and endogamy (Rivire).McLennans dispute with Morgan masked the main adversary to his work, Sir Henry Maine. Maines Ancient Law promoted McLennan to place his own ideals in an evolutionary framework and at the same time disputed Maines patriarchal theory. Although Primitive Marriage is not an apparent attack on Maines theory, McLennans disagreement appears more strongly in his later works. McLennan used the comparative method as well as the universal belief of tender-hearted nature to try to answer the question of marriage by capture.

Free College Admissions Essays: Human Resources Management :: College Admissions Essays

I am Committed to Human Resources Man daysment   The decision for me to become an industrial relations major was not rattling my own, I have to admit. My uncle, a human resource manager with Welch-Allyn, spent the majority of every holiday gathering throughout my senior year of exalted school trying to dissuade me from becoming a business major. He would tell me, This is a rare undergraduate degree and a growing field. thus he would frighten me by saying, We have very similar personalities, so you would be a fantastic H.R. manager. Eventually he convinced me that it was my best option. And I havent regretted it.   Although I credit my uncle with inspiring my initial decision, my unendingly growing interest in this field and desire to continue my education has grown from two sources the industrial Relations faculty at LeMoyne and my vocation as a martial arts instructor for almost five years. From my professors, I have learned the unimaginative side of my intended prof ession the multitude of laws protecting workers rights in the workplace, procedures for collective bargaining and arbitration, and how compensation systems function. My job, on the other hand, has helped me acquire the people skills that are life-and-death to being an effective H.R. manager. In the course of a normal workday, I must communicate with a diverse group of people ranging in age from three to seventy-two years old. Each student has unique needs and goals that I must identify and pay attention to. I must constantly evaluate students and give them constructive feedback, walking that fine line between support and criticism. At the same time, I delegate tasks to the less senior instructors and clear up helpers, while helping them improve their teaching skills. It is challenging and constantly educational. These two sources, my professors and my job, have succeeded in transforming a disinterested college freshman into a senior who has a focused career path.   My ultimat e career goal is to be a general human resource manager or recruiter for a high-tech or pharmaceutical company. These are industries in which I foresee great potential for growth in the future. I enjoy every aspect of my major, and I quality forward to the variety of tasks and obstacles I will face as an H.R. manager. The prospect of interacting with people on a daily basis appeals to me immensely in a job.